Narita Noriyuki, Kamiya Kazunobu, Iwaki Sunao, Ishii Tomohiro, Endo Hiroshi, Shimosaka Michiharu, Uchida Takeshi, Kantake Ikuo, Shibutani Koh
Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan.
Front Neurosci. 2021 Feb 5;15:588593. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.588593. eCollection 2021.
The differences in the brain activities of the insular and the visual association cortices have been reported between oral and manual stereognosis. However, these results were not conclusive because of the inherent differences in the task performance-related motor sequence conditions. We hypothesized that the involvement of the prefrontal cortex may be different between finger and oral shape discrimination. This study was conducted to clarify temporal changes in prefrontal activities occurring in the processes of oral and finger tactual shape discrimination using prefrontal functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
Six healthy right-handed males [aged 30.8 ± 8.2 years (mean ± SD)] were enrolled. Measurements of prefrontal activities were performed using a 22-channel fNIRS device (ETG-100, Hitachi Medical Co., Chiba, Japan) during experimental blocks that included resting state (REST), nonsense shape discrimination (SHAM), and shape discrimination (SHAPE).
No significant difference was presented with regard to the number of correct answers during trials between oral and finger SHAPE discrimination. Additionally, a statistical difference for the prefrontal fNIRS activity between oral and finger shape discrimination was noted in CH 1. Finger SHAPE, as compared with SHAM, presented a temporally shifting onset and burst in the prefrontal activities from the frontopolar area (FPA) to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In contrast, oral SHAPE as compared with SHAM was shown to be temporally overlapped in the onset and burst of the prefrontal activities in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)/FPA/OFC.
The prefrontal activities temporally shifting from the FPA to the OFC during SHAPE as compared with SHAM may suggest the segregated serial prefrontal processing from the manipulation of a target image to the decision making during the process of finger shape discrimination. In contrast, the temporally overlapped prefrontal activities of the DLPFC/FPA/OFC in the oral SHAPE block may suggest the parallel procession of the repetitive involvement of generation, manipulation, and decision making in order to form a reliable representation of target objects.
据报道，口腔立体感觉和手部立体感觉之间，脑岛和视觉联合皮层的大脑活动存在差异。然而，由于任务执行相关运动序列条件的固有差异，这些结果并不具有决定性。我们假设，前额叶皮层在手指形状辨别和口腔形状辨别过程中的参与情况可能有所不同。本研究旨在使用前额叶功能近红外光谱技术（fNIRS），阐明在口腔和手指触觉形状辨别过程中前额叶活动的时间变化。
招募了6名健康的右利手男性[年龄30.8±8.2岁（均值±标准差）]。在包括静息状态（REST）、无意义形状辨别（SHAM）和形状辨别（SHAPE）的实验块中，使用22通道fNIRS设备（ETG - 100，日本日立医疗株式会社，千叶）测量前额叶活动。
在口腔形状辨别和手指形状辨别试验期间，正确答案数量没有显著差异。此外，在通道1中，观察到口腔形状辨别和手指形状辨别在前额叶fNIRS活动上存在统计学差异。与SHAM相比，手指SHAPE在前额叶活动中呈现出从额极区（FPA）到眶额皮层（OFC）的时间上的起始和爆发转移。相反，与SHAM相比，口腔SHAPE在前额叶活动的起始和爆发方面，在背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）/FPA/OFC中表现出时间上的重叠。
与SHAM相比，在SHAPE过程中前额叶活动从FPA到OFC的时间转移，可能表明在手指形状辨别过程中，从目标图像的操作到决策制定，前额叶进行了分离的串行处理。相反，在口腔SHAPE块中，DLPFC/FPA/OFC的前额叶活动在时间上的重叠，可能表明为了形成目标物体的可靠表征，生成、操作和决策的重复参与进行了并行处理。
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