Development of a LC-MS/MS method to measure serum 3-sulfate and 3-glucuronide 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites; comparisons to unconjugated 25OHD in pregnancy and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Vitamin D status is routinely assessed by measuring circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD or 25OHD). However as deconjugation is not routinely incorporated into sample treatment prior to analysis, conjugated forms of 25OHD (particularly the more abundant 25OHD) are often not considered in determining serum concentrations of total 25OHD. Two major circulating conjugated forms of 25OHD are 25-hydroxyvitamin -3-sulfate (25OHD-S) and 25-hydroxyvitamin -3-glucuronide (25OHD-G). Incorporating these two conjugated metabolites into the measurement of vitamin D status could improve our understanding of vitamin D status in health, particularly if there are changes in sulfation and glucuronidation activities. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) targeted method for measurement of 25OHD-S and 25OHD-G in serum to enable comparisons with circulating levels of the free 25OHD form. We developed and validated a new LC-MS/MS method that measured both 25OHD-S and 25OHD-G following a solid phase extraction sample preparation method. Partial separation of analytes by LC, and the separation of analytes by the optimized multiple reaction monitoring transitions enabled the quantitation of both 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G in the single method. Serum concentrations of 25OHD-S (24.7 ± 11.8 ng/mL) and 25OHD-G (2.4 ± 1.2 ng/mL) were shown to be a significant proportion of circulating vitamin D metabolites in healthy donor serums. These levels of 25OHD-S and 25OHD-G closely associated with 25OHD concentrations, r = 0.728, p = 0.001 and r = 0.632, p = 0.006 respectively. However in serum from pregnant women and non-pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) significant differences in the ratios between conjugated and free 25OHD were observed between pregnancy groups (25OHD/25OHD-S and 25OHD/25OHD-G p < 0.001), and between healthy and PCOS subjects (25OHD/25OHD-G p < 0.050). Development of this novel high-throughput LC-MS/MS method indicates that 25OHD-S and 25OHD-G are substantial components of circulating vitamin D metabolites. The concentrations of these metabolites relative to conventional 25OHD may vary in different physiological and pathophysiological settings, and may therefore play an unrecognized but important role in the actions of vitamin D.