Lydon Sinéad, O'Dowd Emily, Walsh Chloe, O'Dea Angela, Byrne Dara, Murphy Andrew W, O'Connor Paul
School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
Irish Centre for Applied Patient Safety and Simulation, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Postgrad Med J. 2022 Apr;98(1158):300-307. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138864. Epub 2021 Feb 26.
Women are substantially underrepresented in senior and leadership positions in medicine and experience gendered challenges in their work settings. This systematic review aimed to synthesise research that has evaluated interventions for improving gender equity in medicine. English language electronic searches were conducted across MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Reference list screening was also undertaken. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and March 2020 that evaluated interventions to improve gender equity, or the experiences of women, in academic or clinical medicine were reviewed. Dual reviewer data extraction on setting, participants, type of intervention, measurement and outcomes was completed. Methodological rigour and strength of findings were evaluated. In total, 34 studies were included. Interventions were typically focused on (82.4%), that is, delivering professional development activities for women. Fewer focused on (20.6%), (23.5%) or (23.5%). Outcomes were largely positive (87.3%) but measurement typically relied on subjective, self-report data (69.1%). Few interventions were implemented in clinical settings (17.6%). Weak methodological rigour and a low strength of findings was observed. There has been a focus to-date on interventions which Interventions addressing systems and culture change require further research consideration. However, institutions cannot wait on high quality research evidence to emerge to take action on gender equity. Data collated suggest a number of recommendations pertaining to research on, and the implementation of, interventions to improve gender equity in academic and clinical settings.
在医学领域的高级和领导职位中，女性所占比例严重不足，并且在工作环境中面临性别方面的挑战。本系统综述旨在综合评估改善医学领域性别平等干预措施的研究。通过电子检索在MEDLINE、CINAHL、学术搜索完整版、PsycINFO和科学网等数据库中进行英文文献检索。还对参考文献列表进行了筛选。对2000年至2020年3月期间发表的同行评审研究进行了综述，这些研究评估了改善学术或临床医学中性别平等或女性经历的干预措施。完成了由两名评审员进行的数据提取，内容包括背景、参与者、干预类型、测量方法和结果。评估了研究方法的严谨性和研究结果的说服力。总共纳入了34项研究。干预措施通常侧重于（82.4%），即为女性提供职业发展活动。较少关注（20.6%）、（23.5%）或（23.5%）。结果大多是积极的（87.3%），但测量通常依赖主观的自我报告数据（69.1%）。很少有干预措施在临床环境中实施（17.6%）。观察到研究方法严谨性较弱且研究结果的说服力较低。迄今为止，一直关注的是那些的干预措施。解决系统和文化变革的干预措施需要进一步的研究考量。然而，机构不能坐等高质量的研究证据出现才采取性别平等行动。整理的数据提出了一些与改善学术和临床环境中性别平等干预措施的研究及实施相关的建议。
