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抗癫痫药物对局限性到双侧强直阵挛性发作的疗效:一项与 SUDEP 预防相关的系统评价。

Anti-seizure medications and efficacy against focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures: A systematic review with relevance for SUDEP prevention.

机构信息

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, MA 02215, USA.

Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

出版信息

Epilepsy Behav. 2021 Apr;117:107815. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.107815. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Abstract

We conducted a systematic review of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) and their efficacy for the control of focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (FBTCS). FBTCS, especially when nocturnal, are recognized as one of the major risk factors for Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP). We searched different online databases for all the randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trials of ASMs that were FDA-approved after 1990 and that reported specifically on the reduction in FBTCS; when possible, this was compared to reduction in focal impaired awareness (FIA) seizures. The ASMs that yielded the most data (3 or more studies) were topiramate (TPM), followed by tiagabine (TGB), brivaracetam (BRV), and lamotrigine (LTG). TPM trials showed a reduction in FBTCS of 44.8% to 100% (4.5-99% over placebo); TGB 21.8% to 46.7% (21.8-61% over placebo); BRV 33.9% to 82.1% (11.6-57.4% over placebo); and LTG 55.2% (20.3-52% over placebo). Promising results, but with data from only one or two studies, were seen with cenobamate (18-59% efficacy above placebo), lacosamide (45.1-78.7%), levetiracetam (40.1-60.3%), oxcarbazepine (58.5-81.5%), and gabapentin (50-53.8%). Higher responses were often seen at higher doses, including at doses above those currently approved by the FDA. Results specific to nocturnal FBTCS were never reported for any ASM. Moreover, complete freedom from FBTCS specifically was very rarely reported, despite its relevance for SUDEP prevention. In conclusion, there are few data specifically comparing the efficacy of ASMs for prevention of FBTCS despite the known strong association of BTCS with SUDEP. This review was our attempt at filling a gap in the literature and calling for universal reporting of data specific to BTC seizure reduction in all future studies, preferably including specific reporting on nocturnal BTCS. This will help enable rational ASM selection to minimize BTC seizures and thereby decrease the risk of SUDEP.

摘要

我们对抗癫痫药物(ASM)及其控制局灶性到双侧强直阵挛性发作(FBTCS)的疗效进行了系统评价。FBTCS,特别是夜间发作,被认为是癫痫猝死(SUDEP)的主要危险因素之一。我们搜索了不同的在线数据库,寻找了所有在 1990 年后获得美国食品和药物管理局批准的、专门报告 FBTCS 减少情况的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验的 ASM;当可能时,还将其与局灶性意识障碍(FIA)发作减少情况进行了比较。提供最多数据(3 项或更多研究)的 ASM 是托吡酯(TPM),其次是噻加宾(TGB)、吡仑帕奈(BRV)和拉莫三嗪(LTG)。TPM 试验显示 FBTCS 减少 44.8%至 100%(4.5%至 99%优于安慰剂);TGB 减少 21.8%至 46.7%(21.8%至 61%优于安慰剂);BRV 减少 33.9%至 82.1%(11.6%至 57.4%优于安慰剂);LTG 减少 55.2%(20.3%至 52%优于安慰剂)。但仅有一项或两项研究的数据显示,氨己烯酸(Cenobamate)疗效为 18%-59%优于安慰剂)、拉科酰胺(Lacosamide)(45.1%-78.7%)、左乙拉西坦(Levetiracetam)(40.1%-60.3%)、奥卡西平(Oxcarbazepine)(58.5%-81.5%)和加巴喷丁(Gabapentin)(50%-53.8%)有可喜的结果。更高的反应率通常出现在更高的剂量下,包括目前美国食品和药物管理局批准的剂量以上。但没有任何 ASM 专门报告过针对夜间 FBTCS 的疗效。此外,尽管 FBTCS 与 SUDEP 预防密切相关,但很少有关于 ASM 预防 FBTCS 具体效果的完全自由报道。总之,尽管 BTCS 与 SUDEP 有很强的关联,但目前很少有专门比较 ASM 预防 FBTCS 疗效的数据。本综述旨在填补文献中的空白,并呼吁在未来所有研究中普遍报告针对 BTC 发作减少的具体数据,最好包括针对夜间 BTC 发作的具体报告。这将有助于合理选择 ASM,最大限度地减少 BTC 发作,从而降低 SUDEP 的风险。

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