College of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil.
Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Biology, PPG BTPB, PPG BV and PPG BCE, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Inflammation. 2021 Aug;44(4):1540-1552. doi: 10.1007/s10753-021-01438-7. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
Six flavonoids were identified and isolated from the ethanolic extract of Alternanthera tenella Colla (Amaranthaceae) whole plant (EEAT) including 2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vitexin (A19). Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory activity; however, the 2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-vitexin anti-inflammatory property was not totally explored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanolic extract from A. tenella whole plant and isolated flavone C-glycoside A19 in models of inflammation. The oral administration (p.o.) of EEAT (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), A19 (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg), and prednisolone (3 mg/kg) were tested against the carrageenan-induced paw edema in Swiss mice. The EEAT (100 mg/kg, p.o.), A19 (1 mg/kg, p.o.), and prednisolone (3 mg/kg, p.o.) were tested in the zymosan-articular inflammation, carrageenan-pleurisy, and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) models in Swiss mice. In silico analysis and search for structural relationships between vitexin derivatives flavones present in the EEAT and TNF-α inhibitors were performed. EEAT, A19, and prednisolone significantly inhibited (i) edema, mechanical hyperalgesia in carrageenan-induced paw inflammation; (ii) leukocyte migration and protein extravasation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy; (iii) knee edema, mechanical hyperalgesia, and leukocyte migration in articular inflammation induced by zymosan. Still the CFA induced the increase in myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activities, EEAT, A19, and prednisolone significantly inhibited these enzymes. The in silico analysis showed that molecules with similar structure to apigenin and vitexin have a potential inhibition on the TNF system. This study confirms the anti-inflammatory properties of EEAT and A19. The C-glycosylated flavone A19 could be responsible for the EEAT anti-edematogenic and anti-hyperalgesic effects and a potential TNF-α inhibitor.
从苋科植物牛膝草（Alternanthera tenella Colla）全草的乙醇提取物（EEAT）中鉴定和分离出六种类黄酮，包括 2″-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基牡荆素（A19）。类黄酮具有抗炎活性；然而，2″-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基牡荆素的抗炎特性尚未完全被探索。本研究旨在研究牛膝草全草乙醇提取物和分离的黄酮 C-糖苷 A19 在炎症模型中的抗炎作用。口服（p.o.） EEAT（30、100 和 300mg/kg）、A19（0.1、1 和 10mg/kg）和泼尼松龙（3mg/kg）用于测试对瑞士小鼠角叉菜胶诱导的爪肿胀的影响。EEAT（100mg/kg，p.o.）、A19（1mg/kg，p.o.）和泼尼松龙（3mg/kg，p.o.）用于测试在瑞士小鼠酵母聚糖性关节炎、角叉菜胶性胸膜炎和完全弗氏佐剂（CFA）模型中的作用。进行了 EEAT 中存在的牡荆素衍生物类黄酮与 TNF-α 抑制剂之间的结构关系的计算分析和搜索。EEAT、A19 和泼尼松龙显著抑制了（i）角叉菜胶诱导的爪肿胀中的水肿和机械性痛觉过敏；（ii）角叉菜胶性胸膜炎中的白细胞迁移和蛋白外渗；（iii）酵母聚糖诱导的关节炎中的膝关节肿胀、机械性痛觉过敏和白细胞迁移。CFA 仍诱导髓过氧化物酶和 N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性的增加，EEAT、A19 和泼尼松龙显著抑制这些酶。计算分析表明，结构与芹菜素和牡荆素相似的分子对 TNF 系统具有潜在的抑制作用。本研究证实了 EEAT 和 A19 的抗炎特性。C-糖苷化黄酮 A19 可能是 EEAT 抗水肿和抗痛觉过敏作用的原因，也是潜在的 TNF-α 抑制剂。
