Johansson B W, Hansen O, Juul-Möller S, Svensson O
Section of Cardiology, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden.
Angiology. 1988 Apr;39(4):345-54. doi: 10.1177/000331978803900403.
Adrenaline infusions (AI) (0.5 micrograms adrenaline per 10 kg body weight per minute over 120 minutes) were given weekly for three weeks to 20 healthy male volunteers aged twenty-one to thirty-eight years. The AI was given after three days' treatment with diltiazem (D), verapamil (V), or placebo (PI) in a single-blind fashion. After pretreatment with Pl, serum potassium (s-K) decreased from 3.93 +/- 0.30 mmol/L (M +/- SD) to 3.33 +/- 0.31 (P less than 0.001) with the greatest change 69.75 +/- 46.24 minutes after the start of the AI. Corresponding values for s-Mg were 0.84 +/- 0.06 to 0.78 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.01) and 106.50 +/- 36.71 minutes, for s-Ca 2.40 +/- 0.07 to 2.30 +/- 0.08 (P less than 0.01) and 103.50 +/- 36.06 minutes, for s-P 1.05 +/- 0.17 to 0.91 +/- 0.17 (P less than 0.02) and 80.25 +/- 47.25 minutes, and for s-urate 344.79 +/- 50.55 to 329.26 +/- 47.80 (P greater than 0.05) and 63.95 +/- 46.05 minutes. After pretreatment with D, AI produced similar electrolyte changes as after Pl, but the rise in blood glucose was slightly more pronounced and the drop in s-urate less pronounced. The heart rate (HR) before AI after pretreatment with D was lower than after Pl, but the increase during the AI was of the same magnitude. The AI-induced changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure after D did not differ significantly from those seen after Pl, and neither did QT and QTc, whereas the PR duration was prolonged (0.18 +/- 0.03 second) when compared with Pl (0.16 +/- 0.02) (P less than 0.05). Although the magnitude of the change in DBP was not influenced, V prolonged the time till the lowest DBP (48.95 +/- 26.38 minutes) when compared with Pl (31.50 +/- 29.16 minutes) (P greater than 0.05). The other variables followed the same pattern as for D. In conclusion AI in healthy volunteers produced a drop in s-K but in addition a drop in s-Mg and s-Ca, the latter appearing later than the drop in s-K. Pretreatment with diltiazem and verapamil did not influence the magnitude of these changes but reduced the drop in s-urate.
对20名年龄在21至38岁的健康男性志愿者，每周进行一次肾上腺素输注（AI）（120分钟内，每分钟每10千克体重输注0.5微克肾上腺素），共持续三周。AI在接受三天地尔硫䓬（D）、维拉帕米（V）或安慰剂（PI）单盲治疗后进行。用PI预处理后，血清钾（s-K）从3.93±0.30毫摩尔/升（均值±标准差）降至3.33±0.31（P<0.001），在AI开始后69.75±46.24分钟时变化最大。s-Mg的相应值从0.84±0.06降至0.78±0.05（P<0.01），时间为106.50±36.71分钟；s-Ca从2.40±0.07降至2.30±0.08（P<0.01），时间为103.50±36.06分钟；s-P从1.05±0.17降至0.91±0.17（P<0.02），时间为80.25±47.25分钟；s-尿酸盐从344.79±50.55降至329.26±47.80（P>0.05），时间为63.95±46.05分钟。用D预处理后，AI产生的电解质变化与用PI后相似，但血糖升高略更明显，s-尿酸盐下降则没那么明显。用D预处理后AI前的心率（HR）低于用PI后，但AI期间的增加幅度相同。D预处理后AI引起的收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）变化与PI后所见无显著差异，QT和QTc也无差异，而PR间期与PI相比延长（0.18±0.03秒与0.16±0.02秒）（P<0.05）。虽然DBP变化幅度未受影响，但与PI（31.50±29.16分钟）相比，V延长了达到最低DBP的时间（48.95±26.38分钟）（P>0.05）。其他变量的变化模式与D相同。总之，健康志愿者中的AI导致s-K下降，但还导致s-Mg和s-Ca下降，后者比s-K下降出现得晚。用地尔硫䓬和维拉帕米预处理不影响这些变化的幅度，但减少了s-尿酸盐的下降。
