Parental divorce and offspring smoking and alcohol use: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parental divorce and smoking and alcohol consumption in offspring, which is based on a systematic review method and ultimately meta-analysis. In a systematic search, three databases were selected. The manuscripts were searched based on the keywords and the time limit for the search was published manuscripts in English until November 2020. For the relationship between parental divorce and smoking/alcohol use in offspring, one main analysis, and four analyses based on sex, study design, adjusted level, and continents were performed. Forty-three studies were synthesized from the collection of manuscripts. The odds of smoking in offspring whose parents were separated was 1.45 (CI 1.37-1.54) and this odds in men was equal to 1.38 (CI 1.11-1.71; Z = 2.91;  = 0.004; I = 81.5%) and in women, 1.78 (CI 1.51-2.10; Z = 6.88;  < 0.001; I = 69.6%). The odds of alcohol use in offspring whose parents were separated was 1.43 (CI 1.15-1.77) and this odds in men was equal to 1.69 (CI 1.16-2.47; Z = 2.73;  = 0.006; I = 99.6%) and in women 1.79 (CI 1.07-2.99). The findings of the present study can be used in health-related policies, prevention, and clinical interventions. This study was a subject with limitations, also.