Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States.
Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2021 Mar 16;55(6):3918-3928. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08151. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
This research presents two new policy-level performance indicators for measuring hydraulic fracturing chemical transparency to address the limitations of existing metrics and provide additional perspectives to stakeholders. Existing indicators do not capture the change in proportions of hydraulic fracturing wells with publicly available chemical information or percent of ingredient mass withheld on chemical disclosure forms. Based on the new indicators, state-level policy changes and the FracFocus register have increased hydraulic fracturing chemical transparency over the past decade and continue to drive measurable improvements. The percent of wells with publicly disclosed ingredients increased from ∼0 to 95% (2010-2019), and the average percent of hydraulic fracturing fluid mass withheld on chemical disclosure forms decreased ∼46.8% (2013-2019). The percent ingredient mass withholding was used to compare the two current regulatory chemical disclosure form approaches (system and traditional). In 2019, the average percent of hydraulic fracturing fluid mass withheld on system approach chemical disclosure forms (0.044%) was 66.3% less than the traditional forms (0.132%). This research improves our capabilities to understand, evaluate, and communicate the effect of chemical transparency policy decisions and corporate practices. Recent lessons learnt from the oil and gas industry should be used to study broader chemical transparency policies, information systems, and communication strategies.
本研究提出了两个新的政策层面的绩效指标，用于衡量水力压裂化学透明度，以解决现有指标的局限性，并为利益相关者提供额外的视角。现有的指标无法捕捉到具有公开可用化学信息的水力压裂井的比例变化，或在化学披露表上扣留的成分质量百分比。基于新指标，过去十年中，州级政策变化和 FracFocus 登记册提高了水力压裂化学透明度，并继续推动可衡量的改进。公开披露成分的井比例从约 0 增加到 95%（2010-2019 年），在化学披露表上扣留的水力压裂液质量的平均百分比减少了约 46.8%（2013-2019 年）。成分质量扣留百分比用于比较当前两种监管化学披露表方法（系统和传统）。2019 年，系统方法化学披露表上扣留的水力压裂液质量的平均百分比（0.044%）比传统表格（0.132%）少 66.3%。本研究提高了我们理解、评估和传达化学透明度政策决策和公司实践效果的能力。应从石油和天然气行业吸取的最新经验教训，用于研究更广泛的化学透明度政策、信息系统和沟通策略。
