Department of Medical Oncology University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Feb 15;13(2):149. doi: 10.3390/toxins13020149.
Intense research on immunotherapy has been conducted during recent years. As advances in the field have started changing the landscape of cancer therapy, it is necessary to assess the impact of immunotherapeutic modalities in the treatment of various cancers. Ten years ago, in 2011, ipilimumab was the first of the newest immunotherapeutic drugs against cancer to be approved by the FDA. Then several drugs followed and formed a therapeutic arsenal to fight cancer. Initial studies were performed on metastatic patients, but there are currently several studies in patients with potentially curable cancers. All these developments have created a new environment for oncology which we will present in this article. This review examines the current evidence related to the impact of immunotherapy on various cancers and discusses its potential clinical and research implications, including its effectiveness in comparison to other treatment modalities (chemotherapy, radiotherapy), its toxicity and prospective research opportunities. While constant updates and further research is critical to understand the impact of immunotherapy in cancer therapy, not only does it seem to be important to assess the current state of knowledge highlighting the success but also to determine the challenging aspects of cancer immunotherapy.
近年来，免疫疗法的研究非常活跃。随着该领域的进展开始改变癌症治疗的格局，有必要评估免疫治疗模式在各种癌症治疗中的影响。十年前，在 2011 年，Ipilimumab 是 FDA 批准的第一种针对癌症的最新免疫治疗药物。随后又有几种药物相继问世，形成了对抗癌症的治疗武器库。最初的研究是在转移性患者中进行的，但目前有一些研究针对有潜在治愈可能的癌症患者。所有这些进展为肿瘤学领域创造了一个新的环境，我们将在本文中介绍。本文综述了免疫疗法对各种癌症的影响的现有证据，并讨论了其潜在的临床和研究意义，包括与其他治疗方法（化疗、放疗）相比的有效性、其毒性以及前瞻性研究机会。虽然不断更新和进一步研究对于理解免疫疗法在癌症治疗中的作用至关重要，但不仅要评估当前知识的状态，突出成功之处，还要确定癌症免疫疗法的挑战性方面。
