CERVUS Veterinary Services, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología (LAINPA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 60 y 118 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
Parasitol Res. 2021 May;120(5):1851-1860. doi: 10.1007/s00436-021-07104-z. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
The aims of the present study were to determine the Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity rates in farmed red deer hinds from Argentina and their relationship with reproductive losses. Over a 2-year period, 449 hinds from 4 commercial farms were serologically tested at late gestation for N. caninum and T. gondii by IFAT. During the first year, a sequential serological analysis was carried out at 3 different time points to analyze antibody dynamics from mating until the end of the gestation period. Fetal and postnatal mortality rates were estimated by 3 successive ultrasound scannings (us) annually and a breeding control carried out after the calving period. Ultrasound fetal measurements were used to estimate conception date and gestational age of abortions. The seropositivity rate for N. caninum was 25.5% (37/145) for the yearlings and 34.2% (104/304) for the adults, while for T. gondii was 64.3% (93/145) and 78.3% (238/304), respectively. Abortions detected at us1 and us2 were 13/21 (61.9%) with a range of gestational age of 30-87 days, while abortions detected at us3 were 8/21 (38.1%) with a range of gestational age of 49-209 days. The fetal mortality rate was 4% and 5.8%, while the postnatal mortality rate was 18.8% and 4.1% of 101 yearlings and 294 adult pregnant hinds, respectively. Most seropositive hinds to both protozoans showed a stable antibody titer pattern from mating to the end of gestation, and a lower proportion developed an increase in titers suggesting infection recrudescence. Seroconversion during the gestational period was demonstrated in 6 and 50 hinds for N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. Hinds with fetal mortality were more likely to be seropositive to N. caninum (OR = 3.1) or have N. caninum titers ≥400 (OR = 27.4) than hinds that weaned a fawn. No statistical associations were detected for T. gondii seropositivity and reproductive losses. The pregnancy rate was not affected by N. caninum or T. gondii infection, while the serological evidence of N. caninum causing postnatal mortality was marginal. Based on serological evidence, N. caninum would be a potential abortigenic agent in red deer hinds.
本研究的目的是确定来自阿根廷养殖红鹿母鹿的新型隐孢子虫和刚地弓形虫血清阳性率及其与繁殖损失的关系。在两年期间，通过间接荧光抗体试验（IFAT）对来自 4 个商业农场的 449 头母鹿在妊娠晚期进行新型隐孢子虫和刚地弓形虫血清学检测。在第一年，进行了 3 个不同时间点的连续血清学分析，以分析从交配到妊娠结束期间的抗体动态。每年通过 3 次超声扫描（us）估计胎儿和产后死亡率，并在产犊期后进行繁殖控制。超声胎儿测量用于估计流产的受孕日期和妊娠年龄。新型隐孢子虫的血清阳性率为 1 岁母鹿 25.5%（37/145），2 岁母鹿 34.2%（104/304），而刚地弓形虫的血清阳性率分别为 64.3%（93/145）和 78.3%（238/304）。us1 和 us2 检测到的流产为 13/21（61.9%），妊娠龄范围为 30-87 天，而 us3 检测到的流产为 8/21（38.1%），妊娠龄范围为 49-209 天。101 头 1 岁母鹿的胎儿死亡率为 4%，294 头 2 岁母鹿的胎儿死亡率为 5.8%，产后死亡率分别为 18.8%和 4.1%。大多数对两种原生动物均呈血清阳性的母鹿从交配到妊娠结束时抗体滴度模式稳定，比例较低的母鹿抗体滴度增加，提示感染复发。在妊娠期间，6 头和 50 头母鹿的新型隐孢子虫和刚地弓形虫血清发生转换。与产仔的母鹿相比，胎儿死亡的母鹿更有可能对新型隐孢子虫呈血清阳性（OR=3.1）或具有新型隐孢子虫滴度≥400（OR=27.4）。没有检测到刚地弓形虫血清阳性与繁殖损失之间的统计学关联。新型隐孢子虫或刚地弓形虫感染不影响妊娠率，而新型隐孢子虫引起产后死亡的血清学证据是边缘性的。基于血清学证据，新型隐孢子虫可能是红鹿母鹿的潜在流产原虫。
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