School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 10;16(3):e0248331. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248331. eCollection 2021.
Prenatal anxiety and depression are major health problems all over the world. The negative sequela of prenatal comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) has been suggested to be higher than that of anxiety or depression alone. CAD increases the odds of preterm birth, low birth weight, prolonged labor, operative deliveries, postpartum psychiatric disorders and long term cognitive impairment for the newborn. Despite its significant ill consequences, there is a dearth of studies in low-and middle-income countries. So far, to the best of our knowledge, no study assessed the prevalence of CAD in Ethiopia. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess CAD and associated factors among pregnant women in Arba Minch Zuria district, Gamo zone, southern Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 676 pregnant women from January 01 to November 30, 2019. Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scales were used to assess depression and anxiety respectively. The data were collected electronically using an open data kit (ODK) collect android application and analyzed using Stata version 15.0. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with CAD using binary logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05.
A total of 667 women were involved. The prevalence of CAD was 10.04% [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.76, 12.33]. Being married [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.56], categorized in the highest wealth quintile [AOR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.17, 6.84], having medical illness [AOR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.68, 7.54], encountering pregnancy danger signs [AOR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.06, 6.67], experiencing life-threatening events [AOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.92] and household food insecurity [AOR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.85, 6.64] were significantly associated with CAD.
In general, one in every ten women faced CAD in the study area. Nutritional interventions, early identification and treatment of pregnancy-related illness and medical ailments, prenatal mental health problems screening and interventions are imperative to minimize the risk of CAD in pregnant women.
产前焦虑和抑郁是全世界的主要健康问题。产前合并焦虑和抑郁（CAD）的负面后果被认为高于单独的焦虑或抑郁。CAD 增加了早产、低出生体重、产程延长、剖宫产、产后精神障碍和新生儿长期认知障碍的几率。尽管其后果严重，但在中低收入国家的研究却很少。到目前为止，据我们所知，还没有研究评估 CAD 在埃塞俄比亚的流行情况。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚阿巴明奇·祖里亚地区孕妇的 CAD 及其相关因素。
这是一项基于社区的横断面研究，于 2019 年 1 月 1 日至 11 月 30 日期间对 676 名孕妇进行了调查。使用患者健康问卷 9 项（PHQ-9）和广泛性焦虑症 7 项（GAD-7）量表分别评估抑郁和焦虑。使用开放数据套件（ODK）收集的电子数据套件（ODK）收集的电子收集应用程序收集数据，并使用 Stata 版本 15.0 进行分析。使用二元逻辑回归分析对 CAD 相关因素进行了双变量和多变量分析。设定统计学显著性为 p 值<0.05。
共有 667 名妇女参与。CAD 的患病率为 10.04%[95%置信区间（CI）：7.76，12.33]。已婚[校正优势比（AOR）：0.16，95%CI：0.05，0.56]，属于最高财富五分位数[AOR：2.83，95%CI：1.17，6.84]，患有医疗疾病[AOR：3.56，95%CI：1.68，7.54]，出现妊娠危险征象[AOR：2.66，95%CI：1.06，6.67]，经历危及生命的事件[AOR：2.11，95%CI：1.15，3.92]和家庭粮食不安全[AOR：3.51，95%CI：1.85，6.64]与 CAD 显著相关。
总的来说，研究区域每 10 名妇女中就有 1 名患有 CAD。营养干预、早期识别和治疗与妊娠相关的疾病和医疗疾病、产前心理健康问题筛查和干预对于降低孕妇 CAD 的风险至关重要。
