Dose-effect relationships of C ions-induced dicentric plus ring chromosomes, micronucleus and nucleoplasmic bridges in human lymphocytes in vitro.

PURPOSE

The objective of this research was to explore the dose-effect relationships of dicentric plus ring (dic + r), micronucleus (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) induced by carbon ions in human lymphocytes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Venous blood samples were collected from three healthy donors. C ions beam was used to irradiate the blood samples at the energy of 330 MeV and linear energy transfer (LET) of 50 keV/μm with a dose rate of 1 Gy/min in the spread-out Bragg peak. The irradiated doses were 0 (sham irradiation), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Gy. Dic + r chromosomes aberrations were scored in metaphases. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) was conducted to analyze MN and NPB. The maximum low-dose relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of the induction of dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes for C ions irradiation was calculated relative to Co γ-rays.

RESULTS

The frequencies of dic + r, MN and NPB showed significantly increases in a dose-depended manner after exposure to C ions. The distributions of dic + r and MN exhibited overdispersion, while the distribution of NPB agreed with Poisson distribution at all doses. Linear-quadratic equations were established based on the frequencies of dic + r and MN. The dose-response curves of NPB frequencies followed a linear model. The derived RBE values for dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes irradiated with C ions were 8.07 ± 2.73, 2.69 ± 0.20 and 4.00 ± 2.69 in comparison with Co γ-rays.

CONCLUSION

The dose-response curves of carbon ions-induced dic + r, MN and NPB were constructed. These results could be helpful to improve radiation risk assessment and dose estimation after exposed to carbon ions irradiation.