Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg.
Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, France.
Environ Int. 2021 Jul;152:106481. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106481. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
BACKGROUND/AIM: The quantitative assessment of human exposure to contaminants such as pesticides is a crucial step in the characterization of exposure-associated risk. For this purpose, biomonitoring is often privileged as it presents the advantage of integrating all the possible sources and routes of exposure and of being representative of the internal dose resulting from exposure. Although biological fluids such as urine and blood have been used to date for this purpose, increasing interest has also been observed over the past decade for hair analysis. The present work aimed at comparing the information obtained from the analysis of urine versus hair regarding exposure to pesticides in a pilot cohort of pregnant women.
In ninety-three pregnant women included in the pilot of the French cohort ELFE, one urine and one hair sample were collected simultaneously from each subject at the maternity. Samples were analyzed using GC-MS/MS analytical methods allowing for the detection of both parent pesticides and metabolites, and designed to be as similar as possible between urine and hair for reliable inter-matrix comparison. Fifty-two biomarkers of exposure were targeted, including parents and metabolites of organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, carbamates, phenylpyrazoles and other pesticides.
The number of different compounds detected ranged from 16 to 27 (median = 22) in hair, and from 3 to 22 (median = 12) in urine. In hair, 24 compounds were found in > 40% of the individuals, whereas only 12 compounds presented the same frequency of detection in urine. Among the chemicals detected in > 80% of both hair and urine samples, only one (pentachlorophenol) showed a signification correlation between hair and urine concentrations.
The present results highlight the multiple exposure of the pregnant women included in this cohort and suggest that hair provides more comprehensive information on pesticide exposure than urine analysis. This study thus supports the relevance of hair analysis in future epidemiological studies investigating association between exposure and adverse health effects.
背景/目的：定量评估人类接触污染物（如农药）的情况是描述接触相关风险的关键步骤。为此，生物监测通常是首选方法，因为它具有整合所有可能的暴露源和途径的优势，并且能够代表暴露引起的内部剂量。尽管尿液和血液等生物流体迄今为止一直被用于此目的，但过去十年也越来越关注头发分析。本研究旨在比较分析尿液和头发中与孕妇队列中农药接触相关的信息。
在法国 ELFE 队列的试点研究中，93 名孕妇在分娩时同时采集了一份尿液和一份头发样本。使用 GC-MS/MS 分析方法对样本进行分析，该方法能够同时检测到母体农药及其代谢物，并尽可能使尿液和头发之间的分析方法相似，以实现可靠的基质间比较。共靶向了 52 种暴露生物标志物，包括有机氯、有机磷、拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯、苯并吡唑类和其他农药的母体及其代谢物。
头发中检测到的不同化合物数量范围为 16 至 27 种（中位数=22），尿液中为 3 至 22 种（中位数=12）。在头发中，有 24 种化合物在>40%的个体中被发现，而尿液中只有 12 种化合物具有相同的检测频率。在头发和尿液样本中均有>80%个体检测到的化学物质中，只有一种（五氯苯酚）显示出头发和尿液浓度之间具有显著相关性。
本研究结果强调了该队列中孕妇的多种暴露情况，并表明头发比尿液分析提供了更全面的农药暴露信息。因此，本研究支持在未来研究接触与不良健康影响之间关联的流行病学研究中采用头发分析。
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