Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France.
Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, "Exposome and Heredity" Team, CESP UMR1018, 94805 Villejuif, France.
Environ Int. 2021 Jul;152:106467. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106467. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Due to the large number of chemical food contaminants, consumers are exposed simultaneously to a wide range of chemicals which can interact and have a negative impact on health. Nevertheless, due to the multitude of possible chemical combinations it is unrealistic to test all combined toxicological effects. It is therefore essential to identify the most relevant mixtures to which the population is exposed through the diet and investigate their impact on heath. The present study aims to identify and describe the main chemical mixtures to which women enrolled in the E3N study, a large French prospective cohort, are chronically exposed through the diet. 74522 women who had answered a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 1993, were included in the present study. Dietary exposure to chemical contaminates was estimated based on the food contamination measured in 186 core food in France collected between 2007 and 2009 by the French agency for food, environment and occupational health, and safety (ANSES) in the framework of the second French total diet study (2TDS). The sparse non-negative matrix under-approximation (SNMU) was used to identify mixtures of chemical substances. A k-means clustering classification of the whole study population was then performed to define clusters with similar co-exposure profiles. Overall, 8 mixtures which explained 83% of the total variance, were retained. The first mixture, entitled "Minerals, inorganic contaminants, and furans", explained the highest proportion of the total variance (38%), and was correlated in particular with the consumption of "Offal" (rho = 0.22), "Vegetables except roots" (rho = 0.20), and "Eggs" (rho = 0.19). The other seven mixtures explained between 17% and 1% of the variance. Finally, 5 clusters were identified based on the adherence to the 8 mixtures. This study, being the largest ever conducted to identify dietary exposure to chemical mixtures, represents a concrete attempt to prioritize mixtures for which it is essential to investigate combined health effects based on exposure.
由于化学食品污染物数量众多，消费者同时接触到广泛的化学物质，这些物质可能相互作用并对健康产生负面影响。然而，由于可能的化学组合数量众多，测试所有组合的毒理学效应是不现实的。因此，必须确定人群通过饮食接触到的最相关的混合物，并研究其对健康的影响。本研究旨在确定和描述 E3N 研究中女性慢性通过饮食接触的主要化学混合物，并描述其特征。E3N 研究是一项大型的法国前瞻性队列研究，本研究共纳入了 1993 年回答了经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷的 74522 名女性。根据法国食品、环境和职业健康与安全局（ANSES）在第二次法国总膳食研究（2TDS）框架内于 2007 年至 2009 年在法国收集的 186 种核心食品中测量的食品污染情况，估算了化学污染物的饮食暴露量。稀疏非负矩阵逼近（SNMU）用于识别化学物质混合物。然后对整个研究人群进行 k-均值聚类分类，以定义具有相似共同暴露特征的聚类。总体而言，确定了 8 种解释了 83%总方差的混合物。第一种混合物，题为“矿物质、无机污染物和呋喃”，解释了总方差的最高比例（38%），特别是与“内脏”（rho=0.22）、“蔬菜（除了根）”（rho=0.20）和“鸡蛋”（rho=0.19）的消费相关。其他七种混合物解释了 17%至 1%的方差。最后，根据对 8 种混合物的遵守情况，确定了 5 个聚类。本研究是迄今为止进行的最大规模的识别饮食中化学混合物暴露的研究，代表了根据暴露情况优先研究混合健康效应的具体尝试。
