Primary prophylaxis with pegfilgrastim during the first cycle of R-CHOP to avoid reduction of dose intensity in elderly patients.

The long-term effects of pegfilgrastim administered in the first cycle of chemotherapy in day-to-day practice remain unclear. We retrospectively identified 114 patients aged ≥ 70 years with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who received a rituximab-cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine-prednisolone (R-CHOP) regimen in our institution. Twenty-six patients received pegfilgrastim (pegfilgrastim group); of the 88 patients scheduled to receive conventional granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) when their neutrophil count decreased (neut-adjusted-G group), conventional G-CSF was ultimately administered to 57. During the first cycle of R-CHOP, the incidence of febrile neutropenia was lower in the pegfilgrastim group than in the neut-adjusted-G group (0% vs. 18%, p = 0.020). Throughout all cycles, a higher proportion of patients exhibited sustained relative dose intensity (≥ 80%) in the pegfilgrastim group than in the neut-adjusted-G group (25% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.008). A lower proportion of patients received a reduced dose in the second cycle in the pegfilgrastim group than in the neut-adjusted-G group (0% vs. 10%, p = 0.116). Although the differences were not significant, the pegfilgrastim group showed higher progression-free survival and overall survival than the neut-adjusted-G group. Adequate prevention of febrile neutropenia using pegfilgrastim during the first cycle of R-CHOP may contribute to avoidance of dose intensity reduction in all cycles.