Hu Ji-Cheng, Wu Jing, Xu Chen-Yang, Jin Jun
College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing 100081, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 Mar 8;42(3):1141-1151. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202009052.
The concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in the soil samples around a typical secondary copper smelter were determined simultaneously, and then the impact of the smelter on the surrounding environment and the health risks of workers in the study area were analyzed and evaluated. PCDD/F, PCB, and PCN concentrations were in the range of 17.2-370, 1.20-14.2, and 70.9-950 pg·g in the soil around the smelter, respectively. High concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCNs were observed at the sample sites close to the secondary copper smelter (<300 m), and their concentrations exponentially decreased with an increase in distance from the smelter. The results of the source analysis showed that the secondary copper smelter had a significant impact on the PCDD/Fs and PCNs content and congener profiles of the soil within 300 m of its surroundings. In addition, the PCDD/Fs pollution in the surrounding soil may also have been affected by the historical use of pentachlorophenol or sodium pentachlorophenol in addition to the secondary copper smelter. The health risk assessment results showed that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of workers exposed to PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in the surrounding soil were within acceptable levels, and that oral ingestion was the main exposure route. Although the health risk assessment only considered the exposure of workers to these pollutants in an outdoor environment during working hours, the carcinogenic risk values of the two soil samples had reached 0.47×10 and 0.15×10 (threshold value 10), so they should attract our attention. PCDD/Fs had the highest contribution rate (96%) to the total carcinogenic risk (PCDD/Fs+PCBs+PCNs), and they were the dioxins that need to be the primary concern and control in the study area.
同时测定了某典型二次铜冶炼厂周边土壤样品中多氯二苯并对二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）和多氯萘（PCNs）的浓度，进而分析评估了该冶炼厂对周边环境的影响以及研究区域内工人的健康风险。冶炼厂周边土壤中PCDD/Fs、PCBs和PCNs的浓度分别在17.2 - 370、1.20 - 14.2和70.9 - 950 pg·g范围内。在靠近二次铜冶炼厂（<300 m）的采样点观察到高浓度的PCDD/Fs和PCNs，其浓度随与冶炼厂距离的增加呈指数下降。源分析结果表明，二次铜冶炼厂对其周边300 m范围内土壤中PCDD/Fs和PCNs的含量及同系物分布有显著影响。此外，除二次铜冶炼厂外，周边土壤中的PCDD/Fs污染可能还受到五氯苯酚或五氯酚钠历史使用情况的影响。健康风险评估结果表明，工人接触周边土壤中PCDD/Fs、PCBs和PCNs的非致癌和致癌风险处于可接受水平，且经口摄入是主要暴露途径。尽管健康风险评估仅考虑了工人在工作时间于室外环境中接触这些污染物的情况，但两个土壤样品的致癌风险值已分别达到0.47×10和0.15×10（阈值为10），因此应引起我们的关注。PCDD/Fs对总致癌风险（PCDD/Fs+PCBs+PCNs）的贡献率最高（96%），是研究区域内需要首要关注和控制的二噁英类物质。
