Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
Addiction. 2021 Dec;116(12):3290-3303. doi: 10.1111/add.15473. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
To systematically review the literature on (i) whether and how various risk messages about nicotine vaping products (NVPs) alter harm perception and behavioural intentions of smokers and non-smokers and (ii) how trust in sources of NVP risk communication affects message reception and behavioural intentions.
Seven electronic databases and reference lists of relevant articles were searched for articles published up to April 2020. Experimental and quasi-experimental studies on message effects and cross-sectional studies on source credibility were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Evidence Project Risk of Bias Tool were used to assess the quality of observational and intervention studies, respectively. For each outcome variable, we indicated whether there was an effect (as a 'yes' or 'no') and used effect direction plots to display information on the direction of effects.
Nicotine addiction messages resulted in greater health and addiction risk perceptions, relative risk messages comparing the health risks of NVPs to cigarette smoking increased the perception that NVPs are less harmful than combustible cigarettes, and a nicotine fact sheet corrected misperceptions of nicotine and NVPs. Smokers' intention to purchase, try or switch to NVPs was higher when exposed to a relative risk message and lower when exposed to nicotine addiction warnings. Trust in NVP risk information from public health agencies was associated with lower odds of; (i) NVP use and (ii) perceiving NVPs as less harmful, whereas those who trusted information from NVP companies were more likely to perceive NVPs as less harmful than combustible cigarettes.
Relative risk messages may help improve the accuracy of harm perceptions of nicotine vaping products and increase smokers' intentions to quit smoking and/or to switch to vaping, although the literature is nascent.
系统回顾关于以下方面的文献：（i）各种关于尼古丁雾化产品（NVP）的风险信息是否以及如何改变吸烟者和非吸烟者对危害的感知和行为意向；（ii）对 NVP 风险传播来源的信任如何影响信息接收和行为意向。
检索了截至 2020 年 4 月发表的文章，使用了 7 个电子数据库和相关文章的参考文献列表。纳入了关于信息效果的实验和准实验研究以及关于来源可信度的横断面研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表和证据项目偏倚风险工具分别评估观察性研究和干预性研究的质量。对于每个结果变量，我们表示是否存在影响（“是”或“否”），并使用效应方向图显示关于效应方向的信息。
尼古丁成瘾信息导致对健康和成瘾风险的感知增加，与比较 NVP 与吸烟危害的相对风险信息相比，增加了 NVP 比可燃香烟危害更小的感知，尼古丁情况说明书纠正了对尼古丁和 NVP 的错误认知。当暴露于相对风险信息时，吸烟者购买、尝试或转向 NVP 的意愿更高，而当暴露于尼古丁成瘾警告时，这种意愿则更低。对来自公共卫生机构的 NVP 风险信息的信任与以下情况的可能性较低有关：（i）NVP 使用；（ii）将 NVP 视为危害较小，而那些信任 NVP 公司信息的人则更有可能将 NVP 视为比可燃香烟危害更小。
相对风险信息可能有助于提高对尼古丁雾化产品危害的认识的准确性，并增加吸烟者戒烟和/或转向电子烟的意愿，尽管文献尚处于起步阶段。
