Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University/Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Science, Xining 810016, China.
Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Xining 810016, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Mar;32(3):869-877. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202103.038.
To clarify the variation of species composition, diversity, and functional structure of soil fungi community along alpine meadow degradation,we examined the characteristics and controlling factors of soil fungal communities in non-degraded, lightly degraded, moderately degraded, severely degraded and extremely degraded (black soil beach) alpine meadows at the Three Rivers Source Region, based on the high-throughput gene sequencing and FUNGuild functional prediction. The results showed that the dominant phyla in alpine meadow soil were Ascomycota, Basidiomycetes, and Mortierellomycota. Species composition of soil fungal community varied greatly in alpine meadow under different levels of degradation. The abundance of , , , sp. and increased, while that of and decreased following grassland degradation. The meadow under severe degradation had higher soil fungal Chao1 index, while that under light degradation had lower Shannon index and Simpson index. The abundance of pathologic, symbiotic, and saprophytic types of fungi varied among different alpine meadows. Along with the grassland degradation, the abundance of soil symbiotic fungi decreased, while that of pathological fungi increased. The soil fungal community and functional compositions changed obviously with degradation in the alpine meadow. Plant aboveground biomass, soil water content, pH, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphate, total potassium and AN/AP (ratio of available nitrogen and available phosphorus) were the main driving factors for the variations in soil fungal community structure.
为了阐明高寒草甸退化过程中土壤真菌群落物种组成、多样性和功能结构的变化，本研究基于高通量基因测序和 FUNGuild 功能预测，对三江源区未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化和极度退化（黑土滩）高寒草甸土壤真菌群落特征及其控制因素进行了研究。结果表明，高寒草甸土壤真菌的优势门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycetes）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）。不同退化程度高寒草甸土壤真菌群落的物种组成差异较大。随着草地退化，土壤中 、 、 sp. 和 的丰度增加，而 和 的丰度减少。重度退化草地的土壤真菌 Chao1 指数较高，而轻度退化草地的 Shannon 指数和 Simpson 指数较低。不同高寒草甸土壤中病原真菌、共生真菌和腐生真菌的丰度存在差异。随着草地退化，土壤共生真菌的丰度减少，而病原真菌的丰度增加。土壤真菌群落和功能组成随高寒草甸退化明显变化。地上生物量、土壤含水量、pH 值、总有机碳、总氮、铵态氮、有效磷、总钾和 AN/AP（有效氮和有效磷的比值）是土壤真菌群落结构变化的主要驱动因素。
