Chemistry Program & NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Materials Research Lab, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 11c, 5270 Ajdovscina, Slovenia.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 Apr 7;13(13):14802-14815. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c23074. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
A new and innovative class of calixarene-based polymers emerged as adsorbents for a variety of compounds and ions in solution and vapor media. These materials take advantage of the modifiable rims and hydrophobic cavities of the calixarene monomers, in addition to the porous nature of the polymeric matrix. With main-chain calixarenes' function as supramolecular hosts and the polymers' high surface areas, polycalixarenes can effectively encapsulate target analytes. This feature is particularly useful for environmental remediation as dangerous and toxic molecules reversibly bind to the macrocyclic cavity, which facilitates their removal and enables repeated use of the polymeric sorbent. This Spotlight touches on the unique characteristics of the calixarene monomers and discusses the synthetic methods of our reported calixarene-based porous polymers, including Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling, and diazo and imine bond formation. It then discusses the promising applications of these materials in adsorbing dyes, micropollutants, iodine, mercury, paraquat, and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from water. In most cases, these reports cover materials that outperform others in terms of recyclability, rates of adsorption, or uptake capacities of specific pollutants. Finally, this Spotlight addresses the current challenges and future aspects of utilizing porous polymers in pollution treatment.
一类新型的基于杯芳烃的聚合物作为吸附剂，可用于溶液和蒸汽介质中各种化合物和离子的吸附。这些材料利用杯芳烃单体的可修饰边缘和疏水性空腔，以及聚合物基质的多孔性质。主链杯芳烃作为超分子主体，聚合物具有高比表面积，因此聚杯芳烃可以有效地包埋目标分析物。这一特性在环境修复中特别有用，因为危险和有毒分子可逆地结合到大环空腔中，这有利于它们的去除，并使聚合物吸附剂能够重复使用。本专题介绍了杯芳烃单体的独特特性，并讨论了我们报道的基于杯芳烃的多孔聚合物的合成方法，包括 Sonogashira-Hagihara 偶联、重氮和亚胺键形成。然后讨论了这些材料在吸附水中染料、微污染物、碘、汞、百草枯和全氟辛酸（PFOA）方面的有前景的应用。在大多数情况下，这些报告涵盖的材料在可回收性、吸附速率或特定污染物的吸附容量方面优于其他材料。最后，本专题讨论了在污染治理中利用多孔聚合物所面临的当前挑战和未来方面。
