Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX.
J Craniofac Surg. 2021 Jun 1;32(4):1611-1614. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000007620.
In the United States, most school-aged children participate in some form of organized sports. Despite the advantages to social and physical development that organized sports may have, these activities also place a significant number of America's youth at risk for facial injuries. Pediatric facial fractures resulting from sports trauma are well documented within pediatric literature. Despite knowledge of the importance of safety equipment, there is a continued need for increased awareness about fracture patterns resulting from sports injuries to develop better strategies for their prevention.
A retrospective review of all pediatric patients (age <18) who presented to Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital as a level 1 trauma between January 2006 and December 2015 with radiologically confirmed facial fractures was performed. Data regarding patient demographic information, mechanism of injury, facial fracture location, associated injuries, hospital course, and need for surgical intervention was collected.
Of the 1274 patients reviewed, 135 (10.59%) were found to have facial fractures resulting from sports trauma and were included in our cohort. The median age was 14 with 77.8% of the cohort being male. The most common fractures identified were orbital (n = 75), mandibular (n = 42), nasal (n = 27), maxilla (n = 26). Fractures were more frequently related to involvement in baseball/softball and bicycling n = 46 and n = 31 respectively. Eighty-two (60.74%) patients required admission, 6 requiring ICU level care, 70 (51.85%) were found to require surgery. There were 14 patients who were found to have a concomitant skull fracture and 6 with TBI. There were no fatalities in this cohort of patients.
Pediatric facial fractures occur in the same anatomic locations as adult facial fractures. However, their frequency, severity, and treatment vary because of important anatomical and developmental differences in these populations. Despite available knowledge on this subject and increased use of protective equipment, pediatric facial fractures continue to occur with similar distribution as historically described. While sports participation confers numerous benefits, it is vital that we continue researching pediatric facial trauma and associated fractures to develop protective equipment and protocols to mitigate the risks of these activities.
在美国，大多数学龄儿童都参加某种形式的有组织运动。尽管有组织的运动可能对社交和身体发育有好处，但这些活动也使美国许多年轻人面临面部受伤的风险。儿科文献中记录了许多因运动创伤导致的儿科面部骨折。尽管人们已经了解安全设备的重要性，但仍需要提高对运动损伤导致的骨折模式的认识，以便制定更好的预防策略。
对 2006 年 1 月至 2015 年 12 月期间在儿童纪念赫尔曼医院就诊的所有儿科患者（年龄 <18 岁）进行了回顾性分析，这些患者均为 1 级创伤，影像学证实有面部骨折。收集了患者人口统计学信息、损伤机制、面部骨折部位、合并伤、住院过程和手术干预需求等数据。
在 1274 名患者中，有 135 名（10.59%）因运动创伤导致面部骨折，纳入本研究队列。中位年龄为 14 岁，77.8%为男性。最常见的骨折为眼眶骨折（n = 75）、下颌骨骨折（n = 42）、鼻骨骨折（n = 27）、上颌骨骨折（n = 26）。与棒球/垒球和自行车相关的骨折分别为 n = 46 和 n = 31。82 名（60.74%）患者需要住院治疗，6 名患者需要 ICU 级护理，70 名（51.85%）患者需要手术。有 14 名患者合并颅骨骨折，6 名患者合并 TBI。本研究队列中无死亡病例。
儿科面部骨折与成人面部骨折的解剖部位相同。然而，由于这些人群的重要解剖和发育差异，其频率、严重程度和治疗方法有所不同。尽管有关于这一主题的知识和防护设备的使用增加，但儿科面部骨折仍以与历史描述相似的分布发生。虽然运动参与带来了许多好处，但我们必须继续研究儿科面部创伤和相关骨折，以开发防护设备和方案来降低这些活动的风险。
