Chae Sung Ho, Kim Joon Ha
School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea.
International Environmental Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea.
Membranes (Basel). 2021 Mar 19;11(3):220. doi: 10.3390/membranes11030220.
Osmotic and hydraulic pressures are both indispensable for operating membrane-based desalting processes, such as forward osmosis (FO), pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), and reverse osmosis (RO). However, a clear relation between these driving pressures has not thus far been identified; hence, the effect of change in driving pressures on systems has not yet been sufficiently analyzed. In this context, this study formulates an actual mathematical relation between the driving pressures of membrane-based desalting processes by taking into consideration the presence of energy loss in each driving pressure. To do so, this study defines the pseudo-driving pressures representing the water transport direction of a system and the similarity coefficients that quantify the energy conservation rule. Consequently, this study finds three other theoretical constraints that are required to operate membrane-based desalting processes. Furthermore, along with the features of the similarity coefficients, this study diagnoses the commercial advantage of RO over FO/PRO and suggests desirable optimization sequences applicable to each process. Since this study provides researchers with guidelines regarding optimization sequences between membrane parameters and operational parameters for membrane-based desalting processes, it is expected that detailed optimization strategies for the processes could be established.
渗透压和液压对于诸如正向渗透（FO）、压力延迟渗透（PRO）和反渗透（RO）等基于膜的脱盐过程的运行都是不可或缺的。然而，到目前为止，尚未确定这些驱动压力之间的明确关系；因此，驱动压力变化对系统的影响尚未得到充分分析。在此背景下，本研究通过考虑每个驱动压力中能量损失的存在，建立了基于膜的脱盐过程驱动压力之间的实际数学关系。为此，本研究定义了表示系统水传输方向的伪驱动压力和量化能量守恒规则的相似系数。因此，本研究发现了基于膜的脱盐过程运行所需的另外三个理论约束条件。此外，结合相似系数的特点，本研究分析了反渗透相对于正向渗透/压力延迟渗透的商业优势，并提出了适用于每个过程的理想优化顺序。由于本研究为研究人员提供了基于膜的脱盐过程中膜参数和操作参数之间优化顺序的指导方针，预计可以建立该过程的详细优化策略。
