印度北部一家三级护理医院 COVID-19 患者的人口统计学和临床特征。
Demographic & clinical profile of patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care hospital in north India.
机构信息
Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
出版信息
Indian J Med Res. 2021;153(1 & 2):115-125. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2311_20.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic emerged as a major public health emergency affecting the healthcare services all over the world. It is essential to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in different parts of our country. This study highlights clinical experience in managing patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary care centre in northern India.
METHODS
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of consecutive adults patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital at Chandigarh, India, from April 1 to May 25, 2020 were studied. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on throat and/or nasopharyngeal swabs. All patients were managed according to the institute's consensus protocol and in accordance with Indian Council of Medical Research guidelines.
RESULTS
During the study period, 114 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted. The history of contact with COVID-19-affected individuals was available in 75 (65.8%) patients. The median age of the patients was 33.5 yr (13-79 yr), and there were 66 (58%) males. Of the total enrolled patients, 48 (42%) were symptomatic. The common presenting complaints were fever (37, 77%), cough (26, 54%) and shortness of breath (10, 20.8%). Nineteen (17%) patients had hypoxia (SpO<94%) at presentation and 36 (31%) had tachypnoea (RR >24). Thirty four (29.8%) patients had an accompanying comorbid illness. Age more than 60 yr and presence of diabetes and hypertension were significantly associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) was needed in 18 patients (52%), with three (2.6%) patients requiring assisted ventilation. Mortality of 2.6 per cent (3 patients) was observed.
INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: Majority of the patients with COVID-19 infection presenting to our hospital were young and asymptomatic. Fever was noted only in three-fourth of the patients and respiratory symptoms in half of them. Patients with comorbidities were more vulnerable to complications. Triaged classification of patients and protocol-based treatment resulted in good outcomes and low case fatality.
背景与目的
新冠疫情是一场重大的全球公共卫生紧急事件，影响了全球各地的医疗服务。分析我国不同地区新冠患者的流行病学和临床特征至关重要。本研究重点介绍了在印度北部一家三级护理中心管理新冠患者的临床经验。
方法
对 2020 年 4 月 1 日至 5 月 25 日期间在印度昌迪加尔一家三级医院住院的连续成年新冠患者的临床特征和结局进行了研究。通过实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测咽喉和/或鼻咽拭子，确诊 SARS-CoV-2 感染。所有患者均根据研究所的共识方案和印度医学研究理事会的指南进行管理。
结果
在研究期间，共收治了 114 例 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者。有 75 例（65.8%）患者有与新冠感染者接触的病史。患者的中位年龄为 33.5 岁（13-79 岁），其中 66 例（58%）为男性。在纳入的全部患者中，有 48 例（42%）有症状。常见的首发症状为发热（37 例，77%）、咳嗽（26 例，54%）和呼吸急促（10 例，20.8%）。19 例（17%）患者在就诊时已有低氧血症（SpO<94%），36 例（31%）有呼吸急促（RR>24）。34 例（29.8%）患者伴有并存疾病。年龄大于 60 岁、合并糖尿病和高血压与新冠重症显著相关。18 例（52%）患者需要入住重症监护病房（ICU），其中 3 例（2.6%）需要辅助通气。观察到 2.6%（3 例）的死亡率。
解释与结论
我院收治的大多数新冠感染患者为年轻且无症状。只有四分之三的患者有发热，一半的患者有呼吸道症状。合并症患者更容易发生并发症。对患者进行分诊分类和基于方案的治疗取得了良好的结局和较低的病死率。
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