Zahid Talaya, Ghafoor Sarah
Department of Oral Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2021 Feb;71(2(A)):508-513. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.491.
Alveolar osteitis (AO) is an extremely distressing outcome following extraction of a tooth. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood due to varied nature of presentation of the condition. However, a delay in the healing process of bone due to fibrinolysis is believed to be the underlying pathophysiology. This review highlights three major risk factors - trauma, bacterial accumulation due to poor oral hygiene, and smoking - in causing alveolar osteitis, and describes underlying related molecular events. Fibrinolysis results due to traumatic tooth extraction as well as due to accumulation of certain microorganisms which leads to the development of alveolar osteitis. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) and osteocalcin (OCN) can be used as molecular markers for evaluating alveolar osteitis. Assessment assays of such biomarkers can lead to a better understanding of the pathological process in providing a clearer picture to researchers and clinicians.
干槽症（AO）是拔牙后极其令人痛苦的结果。由于该病症表现形式多样，其病理生理学尚未得到充分理解。然而，纤维蛋白溶解导致骨愈合过程延迟被认为是潜在的病理生理学机制。本综述强调了导致干槽症的三个主要危险因素——创伤、口腔卫生差导致的细菌积聚和吸烟，并描述了潜在的相关分子事件。创伤性拔牙以及某些微生物的积聚导致纤维蛋白溶解，进而引发干槽症。肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、 runt相关转录因子2（Runx 2）和骨钙素（OCN）可作为评估干槽症的分子标志物。此类生物标志物的评估检测有助于更好地理解病理过程，为研究人员和临床医生提供更清晰的图景。
