Moukala Mpele Pierre, Moukanda Mbango Franck, Konditi Dominic B O, Ndagijimana Fabien
Department of Electrical Engineering, Pan African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), Nairobi, Kenya.
Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Laboratory, Marien Ngouabi University, B.P 69, Brazzaville, Congo.
Heliyon. 2021 Mar 23;7(3):e06373. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06373. eCollection 2021 Mar.
A novel heart-shaped monopole antenna used in wireless portable communication devices is proposed and discussed in this paper. The antenna has a radiant patch surface area of 28.504 mm, the physical size of 15 × 12.5 × 1 mm, and electrical dimensions of 0.095λ × 0.079λ × 0.006λ, where λ denotes the wavelength of the free space at 1.89 GHz. Its prototype is printed on FR4 HTG-175, having a permittivity of 4.2 and a loss tangent of 0.019 at 1 GHz. The partial ground plane and two metallic vias connecting two open-ended branches of the slitted radiating patch to a parasitic conductor element results in about 98% miniaturization of the active patch area, as compared to the conventional antenna. The proposed antenna exhibits nearly an omnidirectional pattern in the elevation plane with a maximum radiation efficiency of 82.78% at 3.99 GHz, while a peak gain of 4.7 dBi is obtained at 6.5 GHz. The measured -6 dB impedance bandwidths demonstrate that the proposed quadband antenna operates in all the frequency bands of mobile telecommunication standards (2G/3G/4G/5G) and other applications, including WLAN, WiMAX, ISM, meteorological services, IEEE 802.11y, and C-band satellite communications. This antenna is easy to manufacture and can be used in most portable devices as a compact internal antenna. After simulating the modeled antenna using HFSS, a prototype was experimentally tested, and the measured results were compared with the data obtained by simulation. The parameters analyzed are return loss, bandwidth, and gain on all frequency bands. The fabricated prototype guarantees a minimum -10 dB bandwidth of 110 MHz and a maximum return loss of -12.2 dB, despite its low radiation efficiency of 21.43 % in the lower band dedicated to GSM applications. Furthermore, the proposed antenna operates as a narrowband and wideband.
本文提出并讨论了一种用于无线便携式通信设备的新型心形单极天线。该天线的辐射贴片表面积为28.504平方毫米，物理尺寸为15×12.5×1毫米，电气尺寸为0.095λ×0.079λ×0.006λ，其中λ表示1.89吉赫兹自由空间的波长。其原型印制在FR4 HTG - 175上，在1吉赫兹时相对介电常数为4.2，损耗角正切为0.019。与传统天线相比，部分接地平面以及将开槽辐射贴片的两个开口端分支连接到寄生导体元件的两个金属过孔使有源贴片面积缩小了约98%。所提出的天线在仰角平面呈现近乎全向的方向图，在3.99吉赫兹时最大辐射效率为82.78%，而在6.5吉赫兹时获得4.7 dBi的峰值增益。实测的 -6 dB阻抗带宽表明，所提出的四频段天线可在移动通信标准（2G/3G/4G/5G）的所有频段以及其他应用中工作，包括WLAN、WiMAX、ISM、气象服务、IEEE 802.11y和C波段卫星通信。这种天线易于制造，可作为紧凑型内置天线用于大多数便携式设备。使用HFSS对建模天线进行模拟后，制作了一个原型进行实验测试，并将实测结果与模拟数据进行比较。分析的参数包括所有频段的回波损耗、带宽和增益。尽管在专用于GSM应用的较低频段辐射效率低至21.43%，但制作的原型保证了最低 -10 dB带宽为110兆赫兹，最大回波损耗为 -12.2 dB。此外，所提出的天线可作为窄带和宽带天线工作。
