Tonneijck A E G, VAN Dijk C J
Department of Crop and Weed Science, DLO Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility (AB-DLO), P.O. Box 14, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
New Phytol. 1997 Jan;135(1):93-100. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00630.x.
To assess adverse effects of ambient ozone on injury and yield, EDU (ethylenediurea) and non-EDU-treated plants of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Lit) were exposed to ambient air at four rural sites in the Netherlands in 1994. After 6 wk of exposure, the proportion of leaves injured in non-EDU-treated plants was higher than that in plants treated with the antioxidant. A maximal degree of 35 % injury was observed. The highest ozone levels accumulated at each site for three consecutive days before injury clearly exceeded the proposed short-term critical level for injury development. Both injury in untreated plants and the protective effect of EDU differed between sites and were not related to the measured ozone levels. EDU increased the d. wt of dry (mature) pods after 11 wk of exposure but not of green (marketable) pods after 6 wk. The effect of EDU in enhancing dry pod yield did not differ between sites and was 20% on average. The proportional yield increases in EDU-treated plants compared with those of non-EDU-treated plants at the sites were not correlated with the measured ozone levels known to adversely affect bean yield. The available evidence, however, suggests that ambient ozone was involved in the observed yield increase by EDU. When the dry pods were harvested, EDU-treated plants had more leaves than non-EDU-treated ones. The effect of EDU in delaying senescence appears to be an important factor to consider when attempting to evaluate the effect of ambient ozone on pod weight in beans using the EDU approach.
为评估环境臭氧对损伤和产量的不利影响，1994年在荷兰的四个乡村地点，将经乙二脲（EDU）处理和未经EDU处理的菜豆（菜豆属普通菜豆品种利特）植株暴露于环境空气中。暴露6周后，未经EDU处理的植株中受伤叶片的比例高于经抗氧化剂处理的植株。观察到最大损伤程度为35%。在损伤明显超过提议的损伤发展短期临界水平之前，每个地点连续三天积累的最高臭氧水平。未经处理的植株的损伤和EDU的保护作用在不同地点有所不同，且与测得的臭氧水平无关。暴露11周后，EDU增加了干（成熟）豆荚的干重，但暴露6周后并未增加绿（可上市）豆荚的干重。EDU提高干豆荚产量的效果在不同地点没有差异，平均为20%。在这些地点，与未经EDU处理的植株相比，经EDU处理的植株的产量增加比例与已知对菜豆产量有不利影响的测得臭氧水平无关。然而，现有证据表明，环境臭氧与EDU观察到的产量增加有关。收获干豆荚时，经EDU处理的植株比未经EDU处理的植株有更多叶片。在尝试使用EDU方法评估环境臭氧对菜豆豆荚重量的影响时，EDU在延缓衰老方面的作用似乎是一个需要考虑的重要因素。
