埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴阿卡基卡利蒂市卫生中心医护人员的乙肝疫苗接种状况及相关因素：一项横断面研究
Hepatitis B Vaccination Status and Associated Factors Among Healthcare Professionals Working in Health Centers at Akaki Kality Subcity of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.
作者信息
Ayana Hordofa Mulatu, Hussen Hassan Abdulhafiz
机构信息
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
City Administration of Addis Ababa Health Bureau, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Apr 15;14:1575-1582. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S287579. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
People at high risk for hepatitis B virus include healthcare workers in contact with blood and human secretions. Hepatitis B virus is unique compared to other sexually transmitted infections because a highly efficacious vaccine exists. However, there have been few studies conducted around the vaccination status of hospital healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Little is known about vaccination penetration among healthcare professionals working in health centers in Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVE
To assess hepatitis B vaccination status and associated factors among healthcare professionals working in health centers of Akaki Kality, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Using simple random sampling, 528 healthcare workers were selected. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured self-administered questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant associations. Adjusted odds ratios were computed to measure the strength of association, with statistical significance considered at p< 0.05.
RESULTS
Among 505 respondents, only 244 (48%) had ever received a hepatitis B vaccine. Monthly income, religion, age, working unit and educational level were found to be statistically associated with vaccinated status.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that the percentage of healthcare professionals who had received a hepatitis B vaccination was very low. This is a serious public health concern and a challenge for a country with high prevalence of hepatitis B infection. There is a need to promote hepatitis B screening and vaccination among healthcare professionals. The government must play its part by increasing healthcare budgets and prioritize hepatitis B prevention by establishing a national awareness campaign, and making screening and vaccination services available at all public health centers.
背景
乙型肝炎病毒高危人群包括接触血液和人体分泌物的医护人员。与其他性传播感染相比，乙型肝炎病毒具有独特性，因为存在一种高效疫苗。然而，埃塞俄比亚针对医院医护人员疫苗接种状况的研究很少。对于在埃塞俄比亚健康中心工作的医护人员中疫苗接种普及率知之甚少。
目的
评估埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴阿卡基卡利蒂健康中心工作的医护人员的乙型肝炎疫苗接种状况及相关因素。
方法
开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用简单随机抽样，选取了528名医护人员。使用预先测试的结构化自填问卷收集数据。数据录入Epi-data并使用SPSS 20版进行分析。采用多变量二元逻辑回归分析来确定显著关联。计算调整后的比值比以衡量关联强度，p<0.05被视为具有统计学意义。
结果
在505名受访者中，只有244人（48%）曾接种过乙型肝炎疫苗。发现月收入、宗教、年龄、工作单位和教育水平与接种状况存在统计学关联。
结论
本研究表明，接种过乙型肝炎疫苗的医护人员比例非常低。这是一个严重的公共卫生问题，对于乙型肝炎感染率高的国家来说是一项挑战。有必要在医护人员中推广乙型肝炎筛查和疫苗接种。政府必须发挥作用，增加医疗保健预算，通过开展全国性宣传活动将乙型肝炎预防列为优先事项，并在所有公共卫生中心提供筛查和疫苗接种服务。
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