Animal and Plant Health Agency, Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre, Carmarthen.
Animal and Plant Health Agency Weybridge, Addlestone, England, UK.
J Comp Pathol. 2021 Apr;184:31-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.01.012. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Calicophoron daubneyi is the primary rumen fluke (RF) found in Europe in ruminants and infection is more common in cattle than in sheep. The incidence of RF has appeared to increase greatly throughout Europe in the last 10-15 years, with outbreaks of clinical paramphistomosis confirmed in ruminants in many countries, including Great Britain and Ireland. Clinical disease, due to immature stages developing in the small intestine, appears infrequently but can occur, usually in the autumn or winter within weeks of beginning to graze wet pasture. Although disease due to adult RF has not been proven, subclinical production losses have been attributed to adult RF infection by some researchers. As the intermediate host for RF and the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) is the mud snail (Galba truncatula), similar habitats and environmental conditions favour both parasites. There may, however, be differences in parasite development and interactions within both the final and intermediate hosts. No anthelminthic product is licensed for treatment of ruminants for RF in the UK. However, oxyclozanide, licensed for the treatment of adult F. hepatica infection, has been shown to have activity, but it may be more effective against the adult than the immature stages. The future prevalence of RF due to climate change and limited treatment options is unpredictable. Infection and clinical disease could become more common and RF is worthy of further research.
Calicophoron daubneyi 是欧洲反刍动物中主要的瘤胃吸虫（RF），在牛中比在羊中更为常见。在过去的 10-15 年中，RF 的发病率在整个欧洲似乎大大增加，包括英国和爱尔兰在内的许多国家都确认了反刍动物暴发临床副血矛线虫病。由于不成熟阶段在小肠中发育，因此很少出现临床疾病，但可能会发生，通常在开始放牧湿草地后的几周内发生在秋季或冬季。尽管尚未证明由于成年 RF 引起的疾病，但一些研究人员将亚临床生产损失归因于成年 RF 感染。由于 RF 和肝吸虫（Fasciola hepatica）的中间宿主是圆扁螺（Galba truncatula），因此相似的栖息地和环境条件有利于这两种寄生虫。然而，在终末宿主和中间宿主中，寄生虫的发育和相互作用可能存在差异。在英国，没有针对 RF 治疗反刍动物的驱虫产品获得许可。然而，已证明氧氯硝唑（用于治疗成年 F. hepatica 感染的药物）具有活性，但它可能对成年阶段比不成熟阶段更有效。由于气候变化和有限的治疗选择，未来 RF 的流行情况不可预测。感染和临床疾病可能变得更为常见，RF 值得进一步研究。
