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利用国家数据库进行横断面分析,以确定优异的遗传优势是否转化为奶牛的优异生产性能。

Cross-sectional analyses of a national database to determine if superior genetic merit translates to superior dairy cow performance.

机构信息

Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Highfield House, Shinagh, Bandon, P72 X050, Co. Cork, Ireland.

Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Highfield House, Shinagh, Bandon, P72 X050, Co. Cork, Ireland.

出版信息

J Dairy Sci. 2021 Jul;104(7):8076-8093. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19957. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

Abstract

Various studies have validated that genetic divergence in dairy cattle translates to phenotypic differences; nonetheless, many studies that consider the breeding goal, or associated traits, have generally been small scale, often undertaken in controlled environments, and they lack consideration for the entire suite of traits included in the breeding goal. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to fill this void, and in doing so, provide producers with confidence that the estimated breeding values (EBV) included in the breeding goal do (or otherwise) translate to desired changes in performance among commercial cattle; an additional outcome of such an approach is the identification of potential areas for improvements. Performance data on 536,923 Irish dairy cows (and their progeny) from 13,399 commercial spring-calving herds were used. Association analyses between the cow's EBV of each trait included in the Irish total merit index for dairy cows (which was derived before her own performance data accumulated) and her subsequent performance were undertaken using linear mixed models; milk production, fertility, calving, maintenance (i.e., liveweight), beef, health, and management traits were all considered in the analyses. Results confirm that excelling in EBV for individual traits, as well as on the total merit index, generally delivers superior phenotypic performance; examples of the improved performance for genetically elite animals include a greater yield and concentration of both milk fat and milk protein, despite a lower milk volume, superior reproductive performance, better survival, improved udder and hoof health, lighter cows, and fewer calving complications; all these gains were achieved with minimal to no effect on the beef merit of the dairy cow's progeny. The associated phenotypic change in each performance trait per unit change in its respective EBV was largely in line with the direction and magnitude of expectation, the exception being for calving interval. Per unit change in calving interval EBV, the direction of phenotypic response was as anticipated but the magnitude of the response was only half of what was expected. Despite the deviation from expectation between the calving interval EBV and its associated phenotype, a superior total merit index or a superior fertility EBV was indeed associated with an improvement in all detailed fertility performance phenotypes investigated. Results substantiate that breeding is a sustainable strategy of improving phenotypic performance in commercial dairy cattle and, by extension, profit.

摘要

各种研究已经证实,奶牛的遗传差异转化为表型差异;然而,许多考虑育种目标或相关特征的研究通常规模较小,通常在受控环境中进行,并且没有考虑到育种目标中包含的整个特征套件。因此,本研究的目的是填补这一空白,从而使生产者有信心相信育种目标中包含的估计育种值 (EBV) 确实(或否则)转化为商业牛群中性能的期望变化;这种方法的另一个结果是确定潜在的改进领域。使用了来自 13399 个商业春季产犊牛群的 536923 头爱尔兰奶牛(及其后代)的性能数据。使用线性混合模型对爱尔兰奶牛总优势指数中每头奶牛 EBV 与其随后的表现之间的关联进行了分析;分析中考虑了产奶量、繁殖力、产犊、维持(即体重)、牛肉、健康和管理特征。结果证实,在单个特征的 EBV 以及总优势指数上表现出色通常会带来卓越的表型表现;遗传上优秀动物的表现改进示例包括在牛奶量较低的情况下,牛奶脂肪和蛋白质的产量和浓度更高、繁殖性能更好、存活率更高、乳房和蹄部健康状况改善、牛体重更轻、产犊并发症更少;所有这些收益都是在对奶牛后代的牛肉优势几乎没有影响的情况下实现的。每个性能特征的 EBV 每单位变化相关的表型变化在很大程度上与预期的方向和幅度一致,除了产犊间隔之外。产犊间隔 EBV 每单位变化的方向与预期一致,但响应的幅度仅为预期的一半。尽管产犊间隔 EBV 与其相关表型之间存在偏差,但优良的总优势指数或优良的繁殖力 EBV 确实与所研究的所有详细繁殖性能表型的改进有关。结果证实,通过繁殖来提高商业奶牛的表型性能是一种可持续的策略,并且可以扩展到利润。

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