Fang Xiao-Kun, Chen Zhi-Wei, Cheng Zhao-Kang, Jiang Hai-Bo, Qiu Dan, Luo Xiao-San
Department of Agricultural Resources and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Quanzhou Meteorological Bureau, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2021 Apr;32(4):1345-1351. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.030.
Atmospheric haze pollution is a popular environmental issue in recent years. The aerosols reduce solar radiation reaching land surface, with consequences on the growth of crops. In order to examine the effects of low solar radiation intensity on the physiological characteristics and mineral nutrition of grain crops, the random designed field experiment of rice cultivar 'Nanjing 5055' planted under different shading degrees (CK, natural sunlight control; Y and Y were treatments with shading rates of 19% and 45%, respectively) were conducted. The response of chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf area index (LAI), net photosynthetic rate of leaves, grain yields and secondary/micro element contents (Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) in rice were measured during key growth stages (jointing, heading, and grain filling stages). Results showed that, shading treatments inhibited the synthesis of photosynthetic products and reduced the LAI during the whole growing period, but at the early stage it did not affect the chlorophyll content, which was significantly increased at the late growth stage. Compared with CK, the 1000-grain weight of rice was decreased by 14.4% and 18.4%, and seed setting rate was decreased by 4.3% and 12.9%, which resulted in rice yield reduction. With the increases of shading rates, rice yield was decreased by 58.5% and 66.4%, respectively. The nutrient concentrations, especially for the micro-elements, in brown rice and glume were increased. Shading had a negative effect on rice growth, which would eventually reduce the crop production. The higher contents of heavy metals such as Cu and Mn would be a pollution risk for human health. Therefore, the impacts of weakened solar radiation on quantity and quality of crops need comprehensive evaluation.
大气雾霾污染是近年来备受关注的环境问题。气溶胶减少了到达陆地表面的太阳辐射，对农作物生长产生影响。为了研究低太阳辐射强度对谷类作物生理特性和矿质营养的影响，以水稻品种‘南粳5055’为材料，设置不同遮光程度（CK，自然光照对照；Y1和Y2分别为遮光率19%和45%的处理）进行随机区组田间试验。在关键生育期（拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期）测定水稻叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、叶面积指数（LAI）、叶片净光合速率、籽粒产量以及糙米和颖壳中次生/微量元素含量（Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu）。结果表明，遮光处理在整个生育期抑制了光合产物的合成，降低了LAI，但在生育前期对叶绿素含量无影响，生育后期叶绿素含量显著增加。与CK相比，水稻千粒重分别降低了14.4%和18.4%，结实率分别降低了4.3%和12.9%，导致水稻减产。随着遮光率增加，水稻产量分别降低了58.5%和66.4%。糙米和颖壳中养分浓度，尤其是微量元素浓度增加。遮光对水稻生长有负面影响，最终会降低作物产量。糙米中Cu和Mn等重金属含量较高，会对人体健康构成污染风险。因此，太阳辐射减弱对作物产量和品质的影响需要综合评估。
