Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 1;224(5):804-812. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab224.
After decades of decline, US acute hepatitis B incidence flattened since 2011. In persons aged ≥40 years and in jurisdictions affected by the opioid crisis, there is an increase in new cases. Data suggest new infections are occurring among US-born persons.
We used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data during 2001-2018 to examine changes in total antibody to hepatitis B virus core antigen (anti-HBc) prevalence in US-born persons. During 2013-2018, the distribution of characteristics was examined.
During 2001-2006, 2007-2012, and 2013-2018, anti-HBc prevalence was 3.5%, 2.5%, and 2.6% among US-born persons, respectively. This corresponded to 5.7 (range, 4.8-6.6) million US-born persons with resolved or current HBV infection during 2013-2018, including 344 600 persons aged 6-29 years. The largest increase and highest prevalence was among persons who reported injection drug use (IDU), which increased from 35.3% during 2001-2006 to 58.4% during 2013-2018 (P = .07).
Anti-HBc prevalence among US-born persons remained flat during the most recent period, coinciding with a doubling of prevalence among persons reporting IDU. These data are consistent with acute hepatitis B surveillance trends, showing increasing incidence in subpopulations where prevention could be strengthened.Anti-HBc prevalence among US-born persons decreased from 2001-2006 to 2007-2012 and remained flat during 2013-2018, coinciding with a near doubling of prevalence among US-born persons reporting a history of injection drug use.
经过几十年的下降，自 2011 年以来，美国急性乙型肝炎的发病率趋于平稳。在年龄≥40 岁和受阿片类药物危机影响的司法管辖区，新发病例有所增加。数据表明，新的感染正在发生在美国出生的人群中。
我们使用 2001-2018 年期间的国家健康和营养调查数据，研究了美国出生人群中乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原总抗体（抗-HBc）流行率的变化。在 2013-2018 年期间，检查了特征的分布情况。
在 2001-2006 年、2007-2012 年和 2013-2018 年期间，美国出生人群的抗-HBc 流行率分别为 3.5%、2.5%和 2.6%。这相当于在 2013-2018 年期间，有 570 万（范围为 480-660 万）名美国出生的人患有已解决或当前的乙型肝炎病毒感染，其中包括 344600 名年龄在 6-29 岁的人。在报告注射吸毒（IDU）的人群中，增幅最大，流行率最高，从 2001-2006 年的 35.3%增加到 2013-2018 年的 58.4%（P=0.07）。
在最近的一段时间里，美国出生人群的抗-HBc 流行率保持稳定，与此同时，报告 IDU 的人群的流行率翻了一番。这些数据与急性乙型肝炎监测趋势一致，显示在预防措施可以加强的亚人群中，发病率正在增加。在美国出生的人群中，抗-HBc 的流行率从 2001-2006 年下降到 2007-2012 年，并在 2013-2018 年期间保持稳定，与此同时，报告有注射吸毒史的美国出生人群的流行率几乎翻了一番。
