肌肉性能在活跃女性中随年龄变化。
Muscle Performance Changes with Age in Active Women.
机构信息
Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 23;18(9):4477. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094477.
UNLABELLED
The purpose of this study was to examine age-related differences in muscle performance in women divided into young (YW, 20-39 years, = 29) middle-aged (MAW, 40-59 years, = 33), and older (OW, ≥60 years, = 40) age groups.
METHODS
Hand grip strength, vertical jump performance, and knee extensor (KE) strength (0 deg/s, 60 deg/s, and 240 deg/s), speed of movement (SoM; at 1 Nm, 20%, 40%, and 60% isometric strength), and endurance (30-repetition test at 60 degs/s and 240 deg/s) were assessed. Computed tomography-acquired muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) was measured and included to determine specific strength (KE strength/mCSA).
RESULTS
Hand grip strength was similar across groups, while jump performance declined with age (YW and MAW > OW, < 0.001). KE strength declined significantly with age (all conditions < 0.01), while specific strength was similar across groups. SoM was significantly higher for YW and MAW compared to OW (both < 0.01). An age × velocity interaction revealed YW KE endurance was similar between conditions, whereas MAW and OW displayed significantly better endurance during the 60 deg/s condition. OW displayed impaired KE endurance at 240 deg/s (vs. YW and MAW, < 0.01) but improved at 60 deg/s (vs. YW, < 0.01). Dynamic torque decline increased with age (YW < OW, = 0.03) and was associated with intramuscular adipose tissue (r = 0.21, = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Performance declines were most evident among OW, but few performance deficits had emerged in MAW. Interestingly, strength declines disappeared after normalizing to mCSA and endurance appears to be velocity-dependent.
目的
本研究旨在探讨不同年龄段女性肌肉性能的差异，将其分为年轻组（YW，20-39 岁，n=29）、中年组（MAW，40-59 岁，n=33）和老年组（OW，≥60 岁，n=40）。
方法
评估握力、垂直跳跃表现、膝关节伸肌（KE）强度（0 度/秒、60 度/秒和 240 度/秒）、运动速度（SoM；在 1 Nm、20%、40%和 60%等长强度下）和耐力（60 度/秒和 240 度/秒的 30 次重复测试）。使用计算机断层扫描（CT）获取肌肉横截面积（mCSA），以确定特定强度（KE 强度/mCSA）。
结果
握力在各组之间相似，而跳跃表现随年龄增长而下降（YW 和 MAW>OW，<0.001）。KE 强度随年龄显著下降（所有条件下均<0.01），而特定强度在各组之间相似。YW 和 MAW 的 SoM 明显高于 OW（均<0.01）。年龄×速度的交互作用表明，YW 的 KE 耐力在不同条件下相似，而 MAW 和 OW 在 60 度/秒条件下的耐力更好。OW 在 240 度/秒时的 KE 耐力受损（与 YW 和 MAW 相比，均<0.01），但在 60 度/秒时耐力提高（与 YW 相比，均<0.01）。动态扭矩下降随年龄增长而增加（YW<OW，=0.03），并与肌内脂肪组织相关（r=0.21，=0.04）。
结论
OW 表现下降最为明显，但 MAW 中出现的表现缺陷很少。有趣的是，强度下降在正常化到 mCSA 后消失，而耐力似乎与速度有关。
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