如何改善埃塞俄比亚感染艾滋病毒青少年的临床结局?医疗保健专业人员的观点。

How Can Clinical Outcomes among Adolescents Living with HIV in Ethiopia be Improved? Healthcare Professionals' Perspectives.

作者信息

Jerene Degu, Tiberg Iren, Hallström Inger

机构信息

Technical Division, KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, Netherlands.

Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

出版信息

Compr Child Adolesc Nurs. 2021 May 7;45(2):191-200. doi: 10.1080/24694193.2021.1914774.

Abstract

While successes in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission program are believed to lead to substantial reductions in new perinatal infections, new sexually acquired infections among the older adolescent group seem to fuel the HIV epidemic. That is why adolescents are the only age group in which an increase in new HIV infections was reported in the latest global HIV progress update. Increase in the number of perinatally HIV infected children growing to adolescence adds to this pool. However, there is limited evidence on the specific needs of adolescents in resource-limited settings. The objective of this study was to assess the experiences and suggestions of health-care providers regarding clinical services for adolescents living with HIV in Ethiopia. The study was conducted in two regions of Ethiopia. An inductive qualitative approach, including focus group interviews among health-care professionals working with adolescents living with HIV was conducted between November 2015 and March 2016. Fifteen health-care professionals participated in three focus group discussions. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analyses. The health-care professionals' experiences are described in three categories: ; and . This led to the main theme: . The main theme described that the health-care professionals were aware that the adolescents had specific health-care needs which they were not able to fulfill. They were also aware of the adolescents' need and support from the society and from their family, but they were not in control of it. Adolescents living with HIV have unique care needs which need to be met through evidence-guided introduction of adolescent-friendly services. This study further substantiates earlier findings that poor adherence to treatment and appointment schedules remains a critical challenge that needs interventions.

摘要

虽然预防母婴传播项目的成功被认为会大幅减少新的围产期感染,但年龄较大的青少年群体中新发的性传播感染似乎加剧了艾滋病毒的流行。这就是为什么在最新的全球艾滋病毒进展报告中,青少年是唯一一个新感染艾滋病毒人数增加的年龄组。在围产期感染艾滋病毒并成长至青春期的儿童数量增加,也使这一群体进一步扩大。然而,在资源有限的环境中,关于青少年具体需求的证据有限。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚医疗服务提供者对感染艾滋病毒青少年临床服务的经验和建议。该研究在埃塞俄比亚的两个地区进行。2015年11月至2016年3月期间,采用归纳定性方法,对与感染艾滋病毒青少年一起工作的医疗专业人员进行了焦点小组访谈。15名医疗专业人员参加了三次焦点小组讨论。访谈采用定性内容分析法进行分析。医疗专业人员的经验分为三类: ;以及 。这引出了一个主要主题: 。主要主题表明,医疗专业人员意识到青少年有他们无法满足的特定医疗需求。他们也意识到青少年需要社会和家庭的支持,但他们无法掌控。感染艾滋病毒的青少年有独特的护理需求,需要通过循证引入适合青少年的服务来满足。本研究进一步证实了早期的研究结果,即治疗依从性差和预约安排不佳仍然是一个需要干预的关键挑战。

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