Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistic, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2021 May 7;40(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s41043-021-00245-y.
Skipping breakfast and replacing it with non-nutritious snacks are progressively increasing among adolescents. This study aimed to develop an educational intervention based on the Social Marketing Model and evaluate its effects on healthy breakfast and snack consumption among female adolescent students.
This mixed-methods study was conducted in 2016-2019 in two phases. In the first phase, a qualitative study was conducted through directed content analysis in guidance schools in Khorramabad, Isfahan, and Tehran, Iran, to explore factors affecting breakfast consumption. The results of this phase were set in the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model. In the second phase, a randomized controlled trial was conducted based on the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model on 94 students randomly recruited from guidance schools in Khorramabad, Iran.
The findings of the qualitative phase were categorized into the benchmarks of the Social Marketing Model, namely the social marketing mix, the intended behavior, internal and external competing factors for behavior modification, theoretical concepts related to the behavior, and the role of supporters. In the quantitative phase, the univariate analysis showed significant between-group differences concerning the product, price, promotion, and behavior (p < 0.05).
Healthy breakfast and snack consumption can be promoted through making acceptable the tastes, costs, preparations, and consumption places of breakfast and snack.
The trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (code: IRCT20170201032347N1 ). The trial was registered in 11/07/2018 and is accessible on the Iranian Clinical Trial Registration website.
不吃早餐和用非营养性零食代替早餐在青少年中逐渐增多。本研究旨在基于社会营销模型制定一项教育干预措施，并评估其对女青少年学生健康早餐和零食消费的影响。
本混合方法研究于 2016 年至 2019 年在伊朗霍拉马巴德、伊斯法罕和德黑兰的指导学校分两个阶段进行。在第一阶段，通过指导学校的定向内容分析进行定性研究，探讨影响早餐消费的因素。该阶段的结果设定在社会营销模型的基准中。在第二阶段，根据社会营销模型的基准，在伊朗霍拉马巴德的指导学校随机招募 94 名学生进行随机对照试验。
定性阶段的结果分为社会营销模型的基准，即社会营销组合、预期行为、行为改变的内部和外部竞争因素、与行为相关的理论概念以及支持者的角色。在定量阶段，单变量分析显示产品、价格、促销和行为方面存在显著的组间差异（p<0.05）。
通过使早餐和零食的口味、成本、准备和食用地点变得可接受，可以促进健康的早餐和零食消费。
该试验在伊朗临床试验注册中心（注册号：IRCT20170201032347N1）注册。该试验于 2018 年 11 月 7 日注册，并可在伊朗临床试验注册网站上查阅。
