Center for Brain Science of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
Sci Adv. 2021 May 14;7(20). doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abf5676. Print 2021 May.
Sensory processing is subjected to modulation by behavioral contexts that are often mediated by long-range inputs to cortical interneurons, but their selectivity to different types of interneurons remains largely unknown. Using rabies-virus tracing and optogenetics-assisted recording, we analyzed the long-range connections to various brain regions along the hierarchy of visual processing, including primary visual cortex, medial association cortices, and frontal cortices. We found that hierarchical corticocortical and thalamocortical connectivity is reflected by the relative weights of inputs to parvalbumin-positive (PV) and vasoactive intestinal peptide-positive (VIP) neurons within the conserved local circuit motif, with bottom-up and top-down inputs preferring PV and VIP neurons, respectively. Our algorithms based on innervation weights for these two types of local interneurons generated testable predictions of the hierarchical position of many brain areas. These results support the notion that preferential long-range inputs to specific local interneurons are essential for the hierarchical information flow in the brain.
感觉处理受到行为背景的调节，而这些行为背景通常是由皮质中间神经元的长程输入介导的，但它们对不同类型中间神经元的选择性在很大程度上仍不清楚。使用狂犬病毒追踪和光遗传学辅助记录，我们分析了沿视觉处理层次结构的各种脑区的长程连接，包括初级视觉皮层、内侧联合皮层和额叶皮层。我们发现，层次化的皮质-皮质和丘脑-皮质连接反映在保守的局部回路模式中，对小清蛋白阳性（PV）和血管活性肠肽阳性（VIP）神经元的输入相对权重，分别由自下而上和自上而下的输入偏好。我们基于这两种局部中间神经元的支配权重的算法，为许多脑区的层次位置生成了可测试的预测。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即特定局部中间神经元的优先长程输入对于大脑中的层次信息流至关重要。
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