Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy; Mekelle University, Department of Chemistry, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jul 15;290:112627. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112627. Epub 2021 May 12.
Due to increasing anthropogenic activities, especially industry and transport, the fossil fuel demand and consumption have increased proportionally, causing serious environmental issues. This attracted researchers and scientists to develop new alternative energy sources. Therefore, this review covers the biofuel production potential and challenges related to various feedstocks and advances in process technologies. It has been concluded that the biofuels such as biodiesel, ethanol, bio-oil, syngas, Fischer-Tropsch H and methane produced from crop plant residues, micro- and macroalgae and other biomass wastes using thermo-bio-chemical processes are an eco-friendly route for an energy source. Biofuels production and their uses in industries and transportation considerably minimize fossil fuel dependence. Literature analysis showed that biofuels generated from energy crops and microalgae could be the most efficient and attractive process. Recent progress in the field of biofuels using genetic engineering has larger perspectives in commercial-scale production. However, its large-scale production is still challenging; hence, to resolve this problem, it is essential to convert biomass in biofuels by developing novel technology to increase biofuel production to fulfil the current and future energy demand.
由于人为活动的增加，特别是工业和交通，化石燃料的需求和消耗也相应增加，造成了严重的环境问题。这引起了研究人员和科学家的关注，他们开始开发新的替代能源。因此，本综述涵盖了各种原料的生物燃料生产潜力和相关挑战，以及工艺技术的进展。结论是，使用热生物化学工艺从农作物残余物、微藻和宏藻以及其他生物质废物中生产的生物燃料，如生物柴油、乙醇、生物油、合成气、费托合成 H 和甲烷，是一种环保的能源途径。生物燃料的生产及其在工业和交通中的应用可以大大减少对化石燃料的依赖。文献分析表明，来自能源作物和微藻的生物燃料可能是最有效和最有吸引力的过程。最近在利用遗传工程生产生物燃料方面的进展在商业规模生产方面具有更大的前景。然而，其大规模生产仍然具有挑战性；因此，要解决这个问题，必须通过开发新技术将生物质转化为生物燃料，以提高生物燃料的产量，从而满足当前和未来的能源需求。
