Sharma Sahil, Goel Kapil, Kurup Karishma Krishna, Grover Gagandeep Singh, Bhaskar Rajesh
National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Delhi, India.
Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
Clin Epidemiol Glob Health. 2021 Jul-Sep;11:100769. doi: 10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100769. Epub 2021 May 8.
In Punjab, first COVID-19 case was detected on March 5, 2020 followed by multiple clusters. Understanding the epidemiology of reported COVID-19 cases helps decision makers in planning future responses. We described the epidemiological patterns, laboratory surveillance and contact tracing of COVID-19 cases in Punjab.
We analysed state's COVID-19 data from March-May 2020 to describe time, place and person distribution. We analysed the laboratory surveillance and contact tracing reports to calculate frequency of testing, sample positivity rate (PR) and contacts traced per case.
A total of 2256 cases were reported from March-May 2020 (attack rate 75 cases/million and case fatality rate 2%). Attack rate was higher among males (81 cases/million males) and maximum affected age group was 60-69 years (164∙5 cases/million). Five of 22 districts reported almost half cases in May's first week. Mortality rate was highest among individuals >60 years (six deaths/million) and males (two deaths/million males). Of 45 deaths, 41 reported comorbidities [(hypertension (42%), diabetes (40%)]. COVID-19 testing increased from 46 samples/day (PR: 2%) in March's first week to 4000 samples/day (PR: 2∙5%) by May's end (2752 tests/million). Amritsar conducted 2035 tests/million (highest PR: 6∙5%) while Barnala conducted 4158 tests/million (lowest PR: 1%). For 2256 cases, 19,432 contacts were traced (nine contacts/case) with 11% positivity rate.
COVID-19 in Punjab mostly affected males, >60 years of age and individuals with comorbid conditions. Many districts with less testing and contact tracing had higher positivity rate. We recommended to implement and ensure adequate testing and contact tracing in all the districts of Punjab.
2020年3月5日，旁遮普邦发现首例新冠肺炎病例，随后出现多起聚集性感染。了解报告的新冠肺炎病例的流行病学情况有助于决策者规划未来应对措施。我们描述了旁遮普邦新冠肺炎病例的流行病学模式、实验室监测和接触者追踪情况。
我们分析了该邦2020年3月至5月的新冠肺炎数据，以描述时间、地点和人群分布。我们分析了实验室监测和接触者追踪报告，以计算检测频率、样本阳性率（PR）和每例病例追踪到的接触者数量。
2020年3月至5月共报告2256例病例（发病率为75例/百万，病死率为2%）。男性发病率较高（81例/百万男性），受影响最大的年龄组为60 - 69岁（164.5例/百万）。22个区中有5个区在5月的第一周报告了近一半的病例。60岁以上人群（6例/百万）和男性（2例/百万男性）的死亡率最高。在45例死亡病例中，41例报告有合并症[高血压（42%）、糖尿病（40%）]。新冠肺炎检测从3月第一周的每天46个样本（PR：2%）增加到5月底的每天4000个样本（PR：2.5%）（2752次检测/百万）。阿姆利则进行了2035次检测/百万（最高PR：6.5%），而巴纳拉进行了4158次检测/百万（最低PR：1%）。对于2256例病例，追踪到19432名接触者（9名接触者/病例），阳性率为11%。
旁遮普邦的新冠肺炎主要影响男性、60岁以上人群和有合并症的个体。许多检测和接触者追踪较少的地区阳性率较高。我们建议在旁遮普邦所有地区实施并确保进行充分的检测和接触者追踪。
