Rush D, Horvitz D G, Seaver W B, Alvir J M, Garbowski G C, Leighton J, Sloan N L, Johnson S S, Kulka R A, Shanklin D S
Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Aug;48(2 Suppl):389-93.
The Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) aims to improve the nutrition and health of low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant women and preschool children with supplemental food, nutrition education, and coordination of health care. Started in 1972, it recently served greater than 3.4 million persons monthly and at a cost of $1.66 billion annually. The National WIC Evaluation (NWE) consisted of four studies: The historical study estimated changes in birth outcome attributable to WIC from 1972 to 1980 in 19 states and the District of Columbia from WIC program data and vital statistics. The longitudinal study of pregnant women compared dietary intake, weight gain, anthropometry, duration of gestation, birth weight, and infant length and head circumference between a representative national sample of WIC participants and economically comparable women. The cross-sectional study of preschool children related WIC to dietary intake, anthropometry, and psychological development. The food expenditures study estimated the impact of WIC on family grocery and other food expenditures.
妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充食品计划（WIC）旨在通过补充食品、营养教育和医疗保健协调，改善低收入、营养风险高的孕妇和学龄前儿童的营养与健康状况。该计划始于1972年，最近每月服务人数超过340万，每年花费16.6亿美元。国家WIC评估（NWE）包括四项研究：历史研究根据WIC项目数据和人口动态统计数据，估计了1972年至1980年期间19个州和哥伦比亚特区因WIC导致的出生结局变化。对孕妇的纵向研究比较了具有代表性的全国WIC参与者样本与经济状况相当的女性在饮食摄入量、体重增加、人体测量、妊娠期、出生体重以及婴儿身长和头围方面的差异。对学龄前儿童的横断面研究将WIC与饮食摄入量、人体测量和心理发展联系起来。食品支出研究估计了WIC对家庭食品杂货和其他食品支出的影响。
