Hinney Barbara, Sperling Daniel, Kars-Hendriksen Susan, Monnikhof Marlies Olde, Van Colen Steven, van der Wolf Peter, De Jonghe Eva, Libbrecht Emile, De-Backer Peggy, Joachim Anja
Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
CEVA Santé Animale, 10 avenue de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2021 Apr;24:100581. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2021.100581. Epub 2021 May 1.
Piglet coccidiosis caused by Cystoisospora suis is one of the most important causes of diarrhea in suckling piglets. The parasite has a fast development and multiplies quickly and effectively under the conditions of a farrowing unit. Control measures include cleaning and disinfection and anticoccidial treatment. In Europe, toltrazuril-based products are authorized for this purpose and are applied to piglets on affected farms in the first week of life. To observe the effect of treatment and disinfection on the control of piglet coccidiosis in the field, 23 farms (11 from Belgium, 12 from the Netherlands, mean number of sows = 1413) were sampled twice by litter in the second and third week of life and fecal scores and the presence of C. suis oocysts were determined. A questionnaire was used to collect data on farm sizes, management and hygiene measures as well as treatment (product, dose and piglet age). Thirteen farms regularly treated with toltrazuril (treatment age: 1-6 days, mean 4.3 days) and 19 applied disinfection. Parasite excretion was documented on 60.9% and diarrhea on 78.3% of farms and in 34.3%/15.7% of the litters. Only 2.4% of the litters showed both, so subclinical infection appeared to be common. No significant differences between farms that did not treat against coccidiosis and farms that applied toltrazuril was observed with regard to C. suis oocysts shedding and/or diarrhea. However, in litters that were treated within the first three days of life, oocyst excretion was significantly less often observed than in litters with later treatment (p = 0.033). No significant effect of disinfection could be shown, but most farms applied disinfectants that have no proven effect against coccidia (oxygen-releasing agents or glutaraldehyde + ammonia) while the only farm that used chlorocresols (which are effective against coccidia) did not show oocyst shedding. Current control measures thus appear to be insufficient on most of the examined farms. It is therefore recommended to treat piglets timely and to apply effective disinfectants to reduce C. suis infections. Furthermore, regular evaluation of sustained efficacy of all implemented measures are necessary.
由猪等孢球虫引起的仔猪球虫病是哺乳仔猪腹泻的最重要原因之一。这种寄生虫发育迅速，在产仔单元的条件下能快速且有效地繁殖。控制措施包括清洁消毒和抗球虫治疗。在欧洲，基于托曲珠利的产品被批准用于此目的，并在受影响农场的仔猪出生后第一周使用。为了观察治疗和消毒在实际生产中对仔猪球虫病控制的效果，对23个农场（11个来自比利时，12个来自荷兰，母猪平均数量 = 1413头）在仔猪出生后第二周和第三周按窝进行了两次采样，测定粪便评分和猪等孢球虫卵囊的存在情况。通过问卷调查收集农场规模、管理和卫生措施以及治疗（产品、剂量和仔猪年龄）的数据。13个农场定期使用托曲珠利治疗（治疗年龄：1 - 6天，平均4.3天），19个农场进行了消毒。60.9%的农场记录到寄生虫排出，78.3%的农场记录到腹泻，34.3%/15.7%的窝出现此类情况。只有2.4%的窝同时出现这两种情况，因此亚临床感染似乎很常见。在猪等孢球虫卵囊排出和/或腹泻方面，未发现未进行球虫病治疗的农场与使用托曲珠利的农场之间存在显著差异。然而，在出生后三天内接受治疗的窝中，观察到卵囊排出的频率明显低于治疗较晚的窝（p = 0.033）。未显示出消毒有显著效果，但大多数农场使用的消毒剂对球虫没有 proven effect（原文如此，疑为“已证实的效果”）（释放氧气的制剂或戊二醛 + 氨），而唯一使用对球虫有效的氯甲酚的农场未出现卵囊排出。因此，在大多数被检查的农场中，目前的控制措施似乎不足。因此，建议及时治疗仔猪并使用有效的消毒剂以减少猪等孢球虫感染。此外，有必要对所有实施措施的持续效果进行定期评估。
