Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2299:197-216. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1382-5_15.
Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and the paralogous Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional co-activators that play pivotal roles in myofibroblast generation and activation, and thus the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis. They are regulated by a variety of chemical and mechanical fibrogenic stimuli, primarily at the level of their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. In this chapter we describe the tools and protocols that allow for exact, quantitative, and automated determination and analysis of the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of endogenous or heterologously expressed MRTF and YAP/TAZ, measured in large cell populations. Dynamic monitoring of nucleocytoplasmic ratios of transcription factors is a novel and important approach, suitable to address both the structural requirements and the regulatory mechanisms underlying transcription factor traffic and the consequent reprogramming of gene expression during fibrogenesis.
肌球蛋白相关转录因子 (MRTF) 和同源 Hippo 通路效应物 Yes 相关蛋白 (YAP) 和 PDZ 结合基序转录共激活因子 (TAZ) 是转录共激活因子,在肌成纤维细胞的生成和激活中发挥关键作用,因此也是器官纤维化发病机制中的关键因子。它们受多种化学和机械纤维化刺激的调节,主要在核质穿梭水平上受到调节。在本章中,我们描述了可用于精确、定量和自动确定和分析内源性或异源表达的 MRTF 和 YAP/TAZ 的核质分布的工具和方案,可在大细胞群体中进行测量。动态监测转录因子的核质比值是一种新颖且重要的方法,适用于解决结构要求以及调节机制,这些机制是转录因子运输的基础,也是纤维化过程中基因表达重新编程的基础。