Shah Farhan A, Moronta Shaidy, Braford Michalla, Greene Nelson
Internal Medicine, Lewis Gale Medical Center, Salem, USA.
Internal Medicine, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Salem, USA.
Cureus. 2021 Apr 20;13(4):e14575. doi: 10.7759/cureus.14575.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disease process involving recurrent pharyngeal collapse during sleep, resulting in apneic episodes. Clinically, symptoms can include snoring, sudden awakening with a choking-like sensation, excessive somnolence, non-restorative sleep, difficulty in starting or maintaining sleep, and fatigue. It results in impaired gas exchange, subsequently causing various cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurocognitive pathologies. Historically, OSA has been underdiagnosed and undertreated, especially in women. OSA is associated with WHO (World Health Organization) class III pulmonary hypertension (PH) or PH due to lung disease. PH is a concerning complication of OSA and thought to occur in roughly 20% of individuals with OSA. The pathogenesis of PH in OSA can include pulmonary artery vasoconstriction and remodeling. Patients suffering from OSA who develop PH tend to have worse cardiovascular and pulmonary changes. We present a thorough review of the literature examining the interplay between OSA and PH.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种在睡眠期间涉及反复咽部塌陷的疾病过程，导致呼吸暂停发作。临床上，症状可包括打鼾、伴有窒息感的突然觉醒、过度嗜睡、睡眠无恢复感、难以开始或维持睡眠以及疲劳。它会导致气体交换受损，进而引发各种心血管、代谢和神经认知病变。从历史上看，OSA一直未得到充分诊断和治疗，尤其是在女性中。OSA与世界卫生组织（WHO）III级肺动脉高压（PH）或因肺部疾病导致的PH相关。PH是OSA令人担忧的并发症，据认为大约20%的OSA患者会发生。OSA中PH的发病机制可包括肺动脉血管收缩和重塑。患有OSA并发展为PH的患者往往会出现更严重的心血管和肺部变化。我们对研究OSA与PH之间相互作用的文献进行了全面综述。
