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“水问题”()、虚幻之池与生命的潜艇式浮现——一篇综述

The "Water Problem"(), the Illusory Pond and Life's Submarine Emergence-A Review.

作者信息

Russell Michael J

机构信息

Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy.

出版信息

Life (Basel). 2021 May 10;11(5):429. doi: 10.3390/life11050429.

Abstract

The assumption that there was a "water problem" at the emergence of life-that the Hadean Ocean was simply too wet and salty for life to have emerged in it-is here subjected to geological and experimental reality checks. The "warm little pond" that would take the place of the submarine alkaline vent theory (AVT), as recently extolled in the journal Nature, flies in the face of decades of geological, microbiological and evolutionary research and reasoning. To the present author, the evidence refuting the warm little pond scheme is overwhelming given the facts that (i) the early Earth was a water world, (ii) its all-enveloping ocean was never less than 4 km deep, (iii) there were no figurative "Icelands" or "Hawaiis", nor even an "Ontong Java" then because (iv) the solidifying magma ocean beneath was still too mushy to support such salient loadings on the oceanic crust. In place of the supposed warm little pond, we offer a well-protected mineral mound precipitated at a submarine alkaline vent as life's womb: in place of lipid membranes, we suggest peptides; we replace poisonous cyanide with ammonium and hydrazine; instead of deleterious radiation we have the appropriate life-giving redox and pH disequilibria; and in place of messy chemistry we offer the potential for life's emergence from the simplest of geochemically available molecules and ions focused at a submarine alkaline vent in the Hadean-specifically within the nano-confined flexible and redox active interlayer walls of the mixed-valent double layer oxyhydroxide mineral, fougerite/green rust comprising much of that mound.

摘要

认为在生命起源时存在“水问题”——即冥古宙海洋过于潮湿且盐分过高以至于生命无法在其中出现——这一假设在此接受地质和实验现实的检验。《自然》杂志近期推崇的、用以取代海底碱性热液理论(AVT)的“温暖小池塘”观点,与数十年来的地质、微生物学及进化研究和推理相悖。对于本文作者而言,鉴于以下事实,反驳“温暖小池塘”假说的证据极为充分:(i)早期地球是一个水世界;(ii)其环绕全球的海洋深度从未低于4千米;(iii)当时不存在具象的“冰岛”或“夏威夷”,甚至没有“翁通爪哇海台”,因为(iv)其下正在凝固的岩浆海洋仍然过于黏稠,无法支撑大洋地壳上如此显著的负荷。我们提出,作为生命诞生之地,一个在海底碱性热液喷口沉淀形成的、受到良好保护的矿物丘取代了所谓的温暖小池塘;我们认为肽取代了脂质膜;用铵和肼取代有毒的氰化物;用合适的赋予生命的氧化还原和pH不平衡取代有害辐射;我们提出,从最简单的地球化学可得分子和离子在冥古宙海底碱性热液喷口——特别是在混合价双层羟基氧化物矿物、富铁绿锈组成的矿物丘的纳米受限柔性且具有氧化还原活性的夹层壁内聚焦——中诞生生命的可能性,取代了混乱的化学过程。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d23b/8151828/aa44ab6a39fd/life-11-00429-g001.jpg

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