Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Veterinary Office of Canton Basel Stadt, Basel, Switzerland.
J Food Prot. 2021 Oct 1;84(10):1760-1764. doi: 10.4315/JFP-21-183.
Toxoplasma gondii, hepatitis E virus (HEV), and Salmonella are zoonotic foodborne pathogens that may be transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii, anti-HEV, and anti-Salmonella antibodies from healthy pigs at slaughter in Switzerland. From August to September 2020, the diaphragm muscle of Swiss fattening pigs was collected in three Swiss abattoirs from 188 farms. Two randomly chosen pig carcasses per farm were selected. On the basis of the slaughter data, we noted the production system and the canton of origin, comparing indoor (n = 120) and free-range (n = 68) farming and regional allocation. The meat juice of these samples was analyzed for pathogen-specific antibodies by using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The seroprevalences were 1.3% for T. gondii, 71.8% for the HEV, and 5.3% for Salmonella, respectively. Comparing the origins, the results of many cantons were not meaningful due to the low number of samples. No regional accumulations were found for T. gondii and HEV. The results showed that 2.1% of the farms had least one T. gondii-seropositive animal, 80.3% had at least one HEV-seropositive animal, and 8.5% had at least one Salmonella-seropositive animal, respectively. The seropositivity of T. gondii was higher in free-range pigs than in indoor pigs, whereas anti-Salmonella antibodies were more common in pigs from indoor farming than in outdoor pigs. The seroprevalence of anti-HEV antibodies was similar in free-range and indoor farming pigs. Compared with studies from 2012, the seroprevalence of T. gondii has decreased, whereas the seroprevalence of the HEV has increased and is highly prevalent among fattening pigs in Switzerland. The low seroprevalence of Salmonella has remained stable in recent years.
弓形虫、戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）和沙门氏菌是食源性动物病原体，可通过食用生的或未煮熟的猪肉传播给人类。本研究旨在确定瑞士屠宰健康猪的弓形虫、戊型肝炎病毒和沙门氏菌抗体的血清流行率。2020 年 8 月至 9 月，在瑞士的三个屠宰场采集了瑞士育肥猪的膈肌肌肉，每个农场选择了两个随机选择的猪胴体。根据屠宰数据，我们记录了生产系统和起源州，比较了室内（n=120）和自由放养（n=68）养殖和区域分配。通过使用商业酶联免疫吸附测定试剂盒分析这些样本的肉汁中针对病原体的抗体。血清流行率分别为弓形虫 1.3%、戊型肝炎病毒 71.8%和沙门氏菌 5.3%。比较起源地，由于样本数量较少，许多州的结果没有意义。未发现弓形虫和戊型肝炎病毒的区域性聚集。结果表明，2.1%的农场至少有一种弓形虫血清阳性动物，80.3%的农场至少有一种戊型肝炎病毒血清阳性动物，8.5%的农场至少有一种沙门氏菌血清阳性动物。自由放养猪的弓形虫血清阳性率高于室内猪，而室内猪的沙门氏菌抗体更常见。自由放养和室内养殖猪的抗戊型肝炎病毒抗体血清流行率相似。与 2012 年的研究相比，弓形虫的血清流行率有所下降，而戊型肝炎病毒的血清流行率有所上升，在瑞士育肥猪中高度流行。近年来，沙门氏菌的低血清流行率保持稳定。
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