University of Groningen, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, GELIFES - Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.
University of Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department Clinical & Developmental Neuropsychology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Neuropsychologia. 2021 Aug 20;159:107884. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107884. Epub 2021 Jun 6.
Brain lateralization is a fundamental aspect of the organization of brain and behavior in the animal kingdom, begging the question about its Darwinian function. We tested the possibility that lateralization enhances cognitive performance in single- and dual-tasks. Previous studies reported mixed results on this topic and only a handful of studies have measured functional brain lateralization and performance independently and simultaneously. We therefore examined a possible positive effect of the strength and direction of lateralization on two demanding cognitive tasks: A visuospatial task (mental rotation MR), and a language task (word generation WG), executed either as a singletask or as dual-task. Participants (n = 72) performed these tasks while their single-task brain lateralization was assessed with functional Transcranial Doppler for both tasks. From these measurements we determined strength and direction of lateralization for both tasks and the individual pattern of lateralization (contralateral or ipsilateral) was derived. These factors, along with sex, were used in a GLM analysis to determine if they predicted the respective performance measure of the tasks. We found that for MR there was a significant medium effect of direction of lateralization on performance with better performance in left-lateralized (atypical) participants (partial eta squared 0.061; p = .039). After correction for outliers, there was a significant effect for strength (p = .049). For the dual-task, there was a significant positive medium effect of strength of lateralization on performance (partial eta squared 0.062; p = .038, respectively) No other association between direction or strength in either tests were found. We conclude that there is no evidence for hemispheric crowding, and that strength of lateralization may be a factor that contributes to the evolutionary selection of functional brain lateralization. Pattern of lateralization does not, explaining the large inter-individual variation in these traits.
大脑偏侧化是动物王国中大脑和行为组织的一个基本方面，这就引出了它的达尔文功能的问题。我们测试了偏侧化是否能提高单一任务和双重任务中的认知表现。以前的研究在这个主题上得出了混合的结果，只有少数研究独立且同时测量了功能大脑偏侧化和表现。因此，我们研究了偏侧化的强度和方向对两项要求苛刻的认知任务的可能积极影响：一项视空间任务（心理旋转 MR）和一项语言任务（单词生成 WG），分别作为单一任务或双重任务执行。参与者（n=72）在执行这些任务的同时，使用功能经颅多普勒评估他们在两个任务中的单一任务大脑偏侧化。根据这些测量结果，我们确定了两个任务的强度和方向以及个体的偏侧化模式（对侧或同侧）。这些因素与性别一起，在 GLM 分析中用于确定它们是否预测任务的各自表现测量值。我们发现，对于 MR，偏侧化方向对表现有显著的中等影响，左侧偏侧化（非典型）参与者的表现更好（偏eta平方 0.061；p=0.039）。纠正离群值后，强度有显著影响（p=0.049）。对于双重任务，偏侧化强度对表现有显著的正中等影响（偏eta平方 0.062；p=0.038）。在任何测试中，都没有发现方向或强度之间的其他关联。我们的结论是，没有证据表明半球拥挤，偏侧化的强度可能是导致功能大脑偏侧化进化选择的一个因素。偏侧化模式并没有，这解释了这些特征的个体间的巨大差异。
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