Ando Tetsuo, Yoshimura Takashi, Kawakami Osamu
Department of Neurology, Anjo Kosei Hospital.
Brain Nerve. 2021 Jun;73(6):685-696. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416201819.
Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVF) are rare and most commonly affect men aged >50 years. Patients with SDAVF develop an abnormal vascular dural shunt between the dural branch of a segmental artery and a subdural radicular vein that drains the perimedullary venous system, leading to venous hypertension and secondary congestive myelopathy. Most SDAVFs are located in the thoracolumbar region, and usually patients present with slowly progressive paraparesis and urinary disturbances. SDAVF is diagnostically challenging; this condition may be misdiagnosed as lumbar spinal stenosis or myelitis. Clinicians should be aware of fluctuating symptoms in the early stages to avoid misdiagnosis of SDAVF. Claudication is associated with various activities including walking, bathing, drinking, and singing. On T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord, SDAVFs show a high signal intensity with a low signal intensity peripherally and dilated spinal cord veins in the subarachnoid space.
脊髓硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)较为罕见,最常影响年龄大于50岁的男性。SDAVF患者在节段动脉的硬脊膜分支与引流脊髓周围静脉系统的硬脊膜下神经根静脉之间形成异常的血管性硬脊膜分流,导致静脉高压和继发性充血性脊髓病。大多数SDAVF位于胸腰段,患者通常表现为缓慢进展的双下肢轻瘫和排尿障碍。SDAVF的诊断具有挑战性;这种情况可能被误诊为腰椎管狭窄症或脊髓炎。临床医生应注意早期症状的波动,以避免误诊SDAVF。间歇性跛行与包括行走、洗澡、饮水和唱歌在内的各种活动有关。在脊髓的T2加权磁共振成像上,SDAVF表现为高信号强度,外周为低信号强度,蛛网膜下腔内脊髓静脉扩张。