Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jun 17;11(1):12763. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91928-3.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in primary tumor cells is a key prerequisite for metastasis initiation. Statins, cholesterol-lowering drugs, can delay metastasis formation in vivo and attenuate the growth and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. The latter effect is stronger in tumor cells with a mesenchymal-like phenotype than in those with an epithelial one. However, the effect of statins on epithelial cancer cells treated with EMT-inducing growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of atorvastatin on two epithelial cancer cell lines following TGF-β treatment. Atorvastatin-induced growth inhibition was stronger in TGF-β-treated cells than in cells not thusly treated. Moreover, treatment of cells with atorvastatin prior to TGF-β treatment enhanced this effect, which was further potentiated by the simultaneous reduction in the expression of the statin target enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). Dual pharmacological targeting of HMGCR can thus strongly inhibit the growth and proliferation of epithelial cancer cells treated with TGF-β and may also improve statin therapy-mediated attenuation of metastasis formation in vivo.
上皮-间充质转化(EMT)在原发性肿瘤细胞中是转移起始的关键前提。他汀类药物,即降低胆固醇的药物,能够在体内延迟转移的形成,并减弱肿瘤细胞在体外的生长和增殖。后者在具有间充质样表型的肿瘤细胞中比在具有上皮样表型的肿瘤细胞中更为强烈。然而,他汀类药物对接受 EMT 诱导生长因子(如转化生长因子-β[TGF-β])处理的上皮癌细胞的影响尚不清楚。在这里,我们研究了阿托伐他汀在 TGF-β处理后对两种上皮癌细胞系的影响。与未经过 TGF-β处理的细胞相比,经过阿托伐他汀处理的细胞的生长抑制作用更强。此外,在 TGF-β处理之前用阿托伐他汀处理细胞增强了这种作用,同时降低他汀类药物的靶酶 3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶 A 还原酶(HMGCR)的表达进一步增强了这种作用。因此,双重靶向 HMGCR 的药理学治疗可以强烈抑制接受 TGF-β处理的上皮癌细胞的生长和增殖,并且还可能改善体内他汀类药物治疗介导的转移形成的减弱。