Ehardt C L
Department of Anthropology and Linguistics, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1988 Jun;76(2):233-43. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330760212.
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that kin-preferential behavior would be present in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys), a species taxonomically close to baboons and macaques. The affiliative behavior of the adult female members of a large captive group of these mangabeys was analyzed to test this prediction. These females groomed, were approached by, were in proximity to, and were in contact with their kin significantly more than expected, but only when all kin were included in the analysis. Removal of only the mother-infant (less than 1 year) dyadic interactions removed all significant kin effects. Kin-preferential behavior was also absent in affiliative interactions among the adult females as a class. Affiliation between mothers and offspring significantly exceeded that for all other kinship categories (such as siblings, etc.), and affiliation with kin other than offspring did not differ from that with nonkin adults. In their interactions with nonkin, the adult females showed some preference (duration of grooming) for those adult females of similar age, an effect predicted by the intensity of interaction among members of the same age cohort during development. These similar-aged females may also be paternally related. In comparing these results with the existing literature on kin-preferential behavior, two conclusions may be reached: (1) age and degree of kinship are primary factors that must be considered in order to avoid the existing overgeneralization of the importance of kinship in primate social organization, and (2) the role and importance of affiliative behavior in kin-selection theory should perhaps be re-examined in light of questions raised by this study.
本研究的目的是检验一个假设，即亲缘偏好行为会出现在煤獴（Cercocebus atys）中，煤獴是一种在分类学上与狒狒和猕猴相近的物种。分析了一大群圈养煤獴成年雌性成员的亲和行为，以检验这一预测。这些雌性与亲属进行梳理毛发、被亲属接近、与亲属靠近以及与亲属接触的频率显著高于预期，但前提是在分析中纳入所有亲属。仅去除母婴（小于1岁）二元互动后，所有显著的亲属效应均消失。成年雌性作为一个类别，其亲和互动中也不存在亲缘偏好行为。母亲与后代之间的亲和程度显著超过所有其他亲属类别（如兄弟姐妹等），与后代以外亲属的亲和程度与与非亲属成年个体的亲和程度没有差异。在与非亲属的互动中，成年雌性对年龄相仿的成年雌性表现出一定偏好（梳理毛发的时长），这一效应是由发育过程中同一年龄组成员间互动强度所预测的。这些年龄相仿的雌性可能也存在父系亲属关系。将这些结果与关于亲缘偏好行为的现有文献进行比较时，可得出两个结论：（1）年龄和亲属关系程度是必须考虑的主要因素，以避免目前在灵长类社会组织中对亲属关系重要性的过度概括；（2）鉴于本研究提出的问题，也许应该重新审视亲和行为在亲缘选择理论中的作用和重要性。
