Phylogenomic Analyses of Species and Comparative Analyses Within Tribe Anemoneae (Ranunculaceae).

is a small genus of Ranunculaceae with medicinal and horticultural value. We characterized nine complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of , which ranged from 159,549 to 161,081 bp in length and had a typical quadripartite structure with a large single-copy region (LSC; 80,270-81,249 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC; 17,029-17,838 bp), and two copies of inverted repeat (IR; 31,008-31,100 bp). The cp genomes of possess 76 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 29 tRNAs, and four rRNA genes. Comparative analyses revealed a conserved ca. 5-kb IR expansion in and other Anemoneae; moreover, multiple inversion events occurred in and its relatives. Analyses of selection pressure (/) showed that most of the PCGs are highly conserved except for and in , , and Two genes ( and ) were identified as pseudogenes in . In contrast, gene was completely lost. The phylogenetic analyses based on 76 PCGs resolved the phylogeny of and its related genera. Non-monophyly of indicates that should be reclassified as an independent genus. In addition, var. is not closely related to