Ni Xiaolin, Wang Zhaoping, Gao Danni, Yuan Huiping, Sun Liang, Zhu Xiaoquan, Zhou Qi, Yang Ze
The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100001, P.R. China.
Immun Ageing. 2021 Jun 25;18(1):30. doi: 10.1186/s12979-021-00241-0.
Human longevity is a complex phenotype influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also known to be associated with various types of age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The central dogma of molecular biology demonstrates the conversion of DNA to RNA to the encoded protein. These proteins interact to form complex cell signaling pathways, which perform various biological functions. With prolonged exposure to the environment, the in vivo homeostasis adapts to the changes, and finally, humans adopt the phenotype of longevity or aging-related diseases. In this review, we focus on two different states: longevity and aging-related diseases, including CVD and AD, to discuss the relationship between genetic characteristics, including gene variation, the level of gene expression, regulation of gene expression, the level of protein expression, both genetic and environmental influences and homeostasis based on these phenotypes shown in organisms.
人类长寿是一种受遗传和环境因素影响的复杂表型。众所周知，它还与各种类型的年龄相关疾病有关，如阿尔茨海默病（AD）和心血管疾病（CVD）。分子生物学的中心法则展示了从DNA到RNA再到编码蛋白质的转化过程。这些蛋白质相互作用形成复杂的细胞信号通路，执行各种生物学功能。随着长期暴露于环境中，体内稳态适应这些变化，最终，人类呈现出长寿或与衰老相关疾病的表型。在这篇综述中，我们聚焦于两种不同状态：长寿和与衰老相关的疾病，包括CVD和AD，以基于生物体中显示的这些表型来讨论遗传特征之间的关系，包括基因变异、基因表达水平、基因表达调控、蛋白质表达水平、遗传和环境影响以及体内稳态。
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