Furfaro Giulia, Mariottini Paolo
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies-DiSTeBA, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2021 Jun 18;11(6):583. doi: 10.3390/life11060583.
Integrative taxonomy is an evolving field of multidisciplinary studies often utilised to elucidate phylogenetic reconstructions that were poorly understood in the past. The systematics of many taxa have been resolved by combining data from different research approaches, i.e., molecular, ecological, behavioural, morphological and chemical. Regarding molecular analysis, there is currently a search for new genetic markers that could be diagnostic at different taxonomic levels and that can be added to the canonical ones. In marine Heterobranchia, the most widely used mitochondrial markers, COI and 16S, are usually analysed by comparing the primary sequence. The 16S rRNA molecule can be folded into a 2D secondary structure that has been poorly exploited in the past study of heterobranchs, despite 2D molecular analyses being sources of possible diagnostic characters. Comparison of the results from the phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated (the nuclear H3 and the mitochondrial COI and 16S markers) dataset (including 30 species belonging to eight accepted genera) and from the 2D folding structure analyses of the 16S rRNA from the type species of the genera investigated demonstrated the diagnostic power of this RNA molecule to reveal the systematics of four genera belonging to the family Myrrhinidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia). The "molecular morphological" approach to the 16S rRNA revealed to be a powerful tool to delimit at both species and genus taxonomic levels and to be a useful way of recovering information that is usually lost in phylogenetic analyses. While the validity of the genera , and are confirmed, a new genus is necessary and introduced for , gen. nov. and the monospecific genus is here synonymised with , with transferred into as comb. nov.
综合分类学是一个不断发展的多学科研究领域,常用于阐明过去了解甚少的系统发育重建。通过整合来自不同研究方法的数据,即分子、生态、行为、形态和化学数据,许多分类单元的系统学问题已得到解决。关于分子分析,目前正在寻找新的遗传标记,这些标记可以在不同分类水平上具有诊断性,并且可以添加到经典标记中。在海洋异鳃类中,最常用的线粒体标记COI和16S,通常通过比较一级序列进行分析。16S rRNA分子可以折叠成二维二级结构,尽管二维分子分析是可能的诊断特征来源,但在过去对异鳃类的研究中,这种结构很少被利用。对一个串联数据集(包括属于八个公认属的30个物种,该数据集包含核H3以及线粒体COI和16S标记)进行系统发育分析的结果,与对所研究属的模式物种的16S rRNA进行二维折叠结构分析的结果进行比较,证明了这种RNA分子在揭示隐螺科(腹足纲,异鳃类)四个属的系统学方面的诊断能力。对16S rRNA采用的“分子形态学”方法被证明是在物种和属分类水平上进行界定的有力工具,也是一种恢复通常在系统发育分析中丢失信息的有用方法。虽然属、和的有效性得到了确认,但有必要为属建立一个新属,即新属,并且单型属在这里与属同义,将转移到属中,成为新组合。