Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
Department of Biology, Juniata College, Huntingdon, PA, USA.
Chemosphere. 2021 Dec;284:131255. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131255. Epub 2021 Jun 23.
Our study goal was to investigate the impact of biocides and nanoparticles (NPs) on the microbial diversity in a hydraulic fracturing impacted stream. Biocides and NPs are known for their antimicrobial properties and controlling microbial growth. Previous work has shown that biocides can alter the microbial community composition of stream water and may select for biocide-resistant bacteria. Additional studies have shown that nanoparticles can also alter microbial community composition. However, previous work has often focused on the response to a single compound. Here we provide a more thorough analysis of the microbial community response to three different biocides and three different nanoparticles. A microcosm-based study was undertaken that exposed stream microbial communities to either biocides or NPs. Our results showed a decrease in bacterial abundance with different types of nanoparticles, but an increase in microbial abundance in biocide-amended treatments. The microbial community composition (MCC) was distinct from the controls in all biocide and NP treatments, which resulted in differentially enriched taxa in the treatments compared to the controls. Our results indicate that NPs slightly altered the MCC compared to the biocide-treated microcosms. After 14 days, the MCC in the nanoparticle-treated conditions was similar to the MCC in the control. Conversely, the MCC in the biocide-treated microcosms was distinct from the controls at day 14 and distinct from all conditions at day 0. This finding may point to the use of NPs as an alternative to biocides in some settings.
我们的研究目的是调查杀菌剂和纳米颗粒（NPs）对水力压裂影响的溪流中微生物多样性的影响。杀菌剂和 NPs 以其抗菌特性和控制微生物生长而闻名。以前的工作表明，杀菌剂可以改变溪流水中微生物群落的组成，并可能选择抗杀菌剂的细菌。其他研究表明，纳米颗粒也可以改变微生物群落的组成。然而，以前的工作通常集中在对单一化合物的反应上。在这里，我们更全面地分析了微生物群落对三种不同杀菌剂和三种不同纳米颗粒的反应。进行了基于微宇宙的研究，使溪流微生物群落暴露于杀菌剂或 NPs 中。我们的结果表明，不同类型的纳米颗粒会降低细菌丰度，但在添加杀菌剂的处理中会增加微生物丰度。与对照相比，所有杀菌剂和 NP 处理中的微生物群落组成（MCC）都与对照明显不同，这导致处理中与对照相比差异丰富的分类群。我们的结果表明，与经杀菌剂处理的微宇宙相比，纳米颗粒略微改变了 MCC。14 天后，纳米颗粒处理条件下的 MCC 与对照相似。相反，在第 14 天，杀菌剂处理的微宇宙中的 MCC 与对照不同，并且与第 0 天的所有条件都不同。这一发现可能表明在某些情况下可以将 NPs 用作杀菌剂的替代品。
